Water development

When the products are partially or totally miscible in the ionic phase, separation is much more complicated (Table 5.3-2, cases c-e). One advantageous option can be to perform the reaction in one single phase, thus avoiding diffusional limitation, and to separate the products in a further step by extraction. Such technology has already been demonstrated for aqueous biphasic systems. This is the case for the palladium-catalyzed telomerization of butadiene with water, developed by Kuraray, which uses a sulfolane/water mixture as the solvent [17]. The products are soluble in water, which is also the nucleophile. The high-boiling by-products are extracted with a solvent (such as hexane) that is immiscible in the polar phase. This method... 

In the second stage, ammonia is removed by scmbbing with water. Developed and licensed by Kmpp Koppers, Germany. 

Bacus A scrubbing process for removing olefins and carbon monoxide from gas streams. The adsorbent is a solution of a copper compound that is not deactivated by traces of water. Developed by D. Haase of Herr Haase, Nixon, TX. 

GEODE [General Electric organic destruction] A development of the Ultrox process in which a combination of ozone and ultraviolet radiation is used to oxidize traces of organic compounds in water. Developed by the General Electric Company and demonstrated at the Commonwealth Edison nuclear power plant at Dresden, IL, in 1989. The requirement was to reduce the concentration of total organic carbon in the process and makeup waters to the low parts-per-billion range. 

Hanisch-Schroder A process for scrubbing sulfur dioxide from smelter gases using water. Developed in 1884 and still in use in 1950, although it was probably obsolete by 1990. It required 100 to 200 tons of water for each ton of sulfur recovered. 

Kontisorbon A process for removing and recovering soluble solvents from water. Developed and offered by Lurgi. 

Sulfidine A process for removing sulfur dioxide from smelter gases by reaction with a suspension of xylidene in water. Developed by the Gesellschaft fiir Chemische Industrie, Basel and Metallgesellschaft, Frankfurt, and used in Germany in the 1930s now probably obsolete. 

Sulfinol A process for removing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, and organic sulfur compounds from natural gas by scrubbing with di-isopropanolamine dissolved in a mixture of sulfolane and water. Developed in the 1960s by Shell International Research Mij N.V, The Netherlands and Shell Development Company, Houston. In 1996, over 180 commercial units were operating or under construction. 

TETRA HDS [High density solids] A process for aiding the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters. It is a physical process which controls the characteristics of heavy metal hydroxide precipitates so that they settle quicker. The precipitates have a hydrophobic surface, so they are easy to de-water. Developed and licensed by Tetra Technologies, Houston, TX. Widely used by the iron and steel industry in the United States. Not to be confused with hydrodesulfurization, often abbreviated to HDS. 

The Photopolymer Plate, a water developable photopolymer relief printing master plate made by modification of polyvinyl alcohol with urea group oligomer having a functional polyvinyl base, for making paper mold and matrix for printing master plates, has characteristics which are very close to those of the conventionally etched metal relief printing plates and has some superior points to them. 

Nicot, J.-P., Gross, B., Walden, S., Baier, R. Self-Sealing Evaporation Ponds for Desalination Facilities in Texas. Texas Water Development Board, Austin (2009)... 

Soak in filtered deionised water Develop (1 3 D19b to deionised water)... 

Development of Resist Patterns. Development was done in AZ2401 developer diluted with 2 to 5 times its volume of water AZ2401 is an aqueous solution of KOH with a surfactant. When the resist films were exposed to electron beam doses of 5 iC/cm2 at 25 keV, it usually took 1.5 to 2.0 min for complete development of the images using a diazo-naphthoquinone sensitizer with o-chloro-cresol-formaldehyde Novolak resin in (1 3) AZ2401/water developer. With poly(2-methyl-l-pentene sulfone) the chlorinated Novolak resin exposed to I juC/cm2, it took 2.0 min in (1 4) AZ2401 developer for complete image development. 

DD water DD water developer developer stop solution DD water... 

Under the title distillation by compression is mentioned in Army Ordn (Ref 5a) a method of prepn of fresh water from sea water developed by R.V. Kleinschmidt of the US Navy during WWII. The method involves distillation by means of mechanical energy instead of externally applied heat... 

Hayes, J.J. et at. Hydrocyclones for Treating Oil Water Development and Field Testing in Bass Strait paper OTC... 

Cement. Insulating. A mixture of dry granular, flaky, fibrous, or powdery materials that when mixed with water develops a plastic consistency, and when dried in place forms a coherent covering that affords substantial resistance to heat transmission. 

JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) (2002). The Study on the Ground Water Development of Deep Aquifers for Safe Drinking Water Supply to Arsenic Affected Areas in Western Bangladesh. Draft final report, Japan International Cooperation Agency, Kokusai Kogyo and Mitsui Mineral Development Engineering. 

Figure 5.2.3 depicts the HPLC chromatogram of a tomato peel extract monitored by UV absorbance at 469 nm. The separation was performed on a 150 x 4.6 mm C30 column (ProntoSil, 3 xm, 200 A, Bischoff, Germany) at room temperature and a flow rate of 1 ml/min with a binary mixture of acetone/ water, developed for LC-NMR experiments. The 50-min gradient elution was performed in four steps, i.e. (1) an initial 3 min with 75/25 (v/v) acetone/water, (2) a 24-min gradient to 100% acetone, (3) an isocratic step from 27 45 min with 100% acetone, and (4) a 2-min gradient back to the initial conditions. 

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