Nitrogen oxides emission

The principal atmospheric oxides of nitrogen include nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Collectively, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are connnonly referred to as NOx, which are generated by the reaction of the nitrogenous compounds of the coal and nitrogen in 

In 2005, the EPA passed the Clean Air Interstate Rule, which requires a 61% cut in nitrogen oxide emissions from power plants by 2015. This level of emissions reduction requires a different technology. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) both convert NOx into water (H2O) and nitrogen (N2). SCR is capable of reducing NOx emissions by approximately 90%. SNCR is a simpler and less expensive technology than SCR, but it also provides a lower level of NOx reduction. 

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Influence of the Nitrogen Content of Heavy Fuels on Nitrogen Oxide Emissions... 

J. Lanier and co-workers, "Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Control in a Coal-Eked MHD System," ASME Winter Annual Meeting Adanta, Ga., Dec. 1979. 

Nitrogen Oxide Emissions. Nitrogen oxide (NO ) emissions from an FCCU regenerator are much less, typically 100 ppm, than SO emissions, and consequently much less attention has been given to the development of technology to reduce FCCU NO emissions. As environmental constraints continue to tighten, this situation is expected to change. 

Nitrogen Oxides Emissions The NSPS limits NO emissions to 180 ppmv (at 7 percent O2 dv). 

Acid deposition occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions are transformed in the atmosphere and return to the earth in rain, fog or snow. Approximately 20 million tons of SOj are emitted annually in the United States, mostly from the burning of fossil fuels by electric utilities. Acid rain damages lakes, harms forests and buildings, contributes to reduced visibility, and is suspected of damaging health. 

Ammonia Plants - New ammonia plants should set as a target the achievement of nitrogen oxide emissions of not more than 0.5 kg/t of product (expressed as NOj at 3%). Ammonia releases in liquid effluents can be controlled to 0.1 kg/t of product. Condensates from ammonia produetion should be reused. 

Reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by use of natural gas as fuel, use low-NO, burners, and use hydrogen peroxide and urea in stainless steel pickling baths. 

National nitrogen oxide emissions by source category, 1997. Electric utilities and "on-road vehicles" account for more than half of the NO emissions. Total NO emissions for 1997 were 21.4 million metric tons. 

Transportation is also the emissions leader. About 75 percent of carbon dioxide emissions and 45 percent of nitrogen oxide emissions come from the transportation sector. If rising levels of CO, are found to be responsible for global warming, and measures are put in place to severely curtail CO, emissions, the measures will have the greatest impact on the transportation sector. 

U.S. Department of Energy, Clean Coal Technology Topical Reports. (1999). Reburmng Technologies for the Control of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal-Fired Boilers. Report No. 14 (May). Washington, DC U.S. 

While natural emissions of sulphur and nitrogen exist, over 95% of the sulphur emissions in eastern North America are of man-made origin. Natural sources of nitrogen are less well estabUshed but are estimated to be small when compared to the man-made emissions 21). The distribution of North American sources of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are shown in Figure 2. In 1980, which has served as the base period for the assessment of emissions,it was estimated that sulphur dioxide emissions were Canada - 4.8 million tonnes (metric) and the United States - 24 million tonnes nitrogen oxides emissions were Canada - 1.8 million tonnes and the United States - 20 million tonnes. The more recent trends for sulphur dioxide emissions in Canada and the emission control limits are shown in Figure 3 14). 

In addition to the energy savings, the new process also has substantial environmental benefits. Along with the elimination of lead and nickel gases, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions from combustion will decrease. The consumption of refractory (a heat-resisting... 

Less, but still significant, information is available on the surface chemistry of other nitrogen oxides. In terms of N20, that molecule has been shown to be quite reactive on most metals on Rh(110), for instance, it decomposes between 60 and 190 K, and results in N2 desorption [18]. N02 is also fairly reactive, but tends to convert into a mixed layer of adsorbed NO and atomic oxygen [19] on Pd(lll), this happens at 180 K, and is partially inhibited at high coverages. Ultimately, though the chemistry of the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions is in most cases controlled by the conversion of NO. 

It is believed that SCR by hydrocarbons is an important way for elimination of nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel and lean-burn engines. Gerlach etal. [115] studied by infrared in batch condition the mechanism of the reaction between nitrogen dioxide and propene over acidic mordenites. The aim of their work was to elucidate the relevance of adsorbed N-containing species for the F>cNOx reaction to propose a mechanism. Infrared experiments showed that nitrosonium ions (NO+) are formed upon reaction between NO, NOz and the Brpnsted acid sites of H—MOR and that this species is highly reactive towards propene, forming propenal oxime at 120°C. At temperatures above 170°C, the propenal oxime is dehydrated to acrylonitrile. A mechanism is proposed to explain the acrylonitrile formation. The nitrile can further be hydrolysed to yield... 

Veldkamp E, Keller M (1997) Nitrogen oxide emissions from a banana plantation in the humid tropics. J Geophys Res 102 15889-15898... 

Catalyst activities, specific, 10 47t Catalyst additives, nitrogen oxide emissions and, 11 719 Catalyst-based diesel particulate filter (CB-DPF) technology, 10 61-62 Catalyst bed(s)... 

FCC feed, sulfur compounds in, 11 716 FCC unit emissions, 11 714 controlling, 11 689-694 FCC unit regenerators, 11 713 air distribution systems in, 11 726 catalyst emissions from, 11 714—715 CO2 emissions from, 11 720—721 configuration and mechanical hardware in, 11 722-731 cyclones in, 11 726-728 design of, 11 722-723 flue gas handling in, 11 729 fluidization in, 11 723-725 nitrogen oxide emissions from,... 

Nitrogen oxide emissions from hydrogen ICEs are around 90% lower than for a gasoline ICE, because the engine can operate in lean-burn mode with an excess of air, which leads to lower engine temperatures and less NO production. 

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