Nitrate salting agent

The counterflow extraction process was carried out in stainless steel equipment and used column cascade extraction technology. The aqueous feed consisted primarily of nitric acid that contained the FPs and TRU elements as nitrate salts. The plutonium was oxidized to the hexavalent state with Na2Cr207. The aluminum nitrate salting agent is added, after... 

In a back titration, a slight excess of the metal salt solution must sometimes be added to yield the color of the metal-indicator complex. Where metal ions are easily hydrolyzed, the complexing agent is best added at a suitable, low pH and only when the metal is fully complexed is the pH adjusted upward to the value required for the back titration. In back titrations, solutions of the following metal ions are commonly employed Cu(II), Mg, Mn(II), Pb(II), Th(IV), and Zn. These solutions are usually prepared in the approximate strength desired from their nitrate salts (or the solution of the metal or its oxide or carbonate in nitric acid), and a minimum amount of acid is added to repress hydrolysis of the metal ion. The solutions are then standardized against an EDTA solution (or other chelon solution) of known strength. 

Nitric acid is a strong monobasic acid, a powerful oxidising agent, and nitrates many organic compounds. Until the end of the nineteenth century, it was made by heating a metallic nitrate salt with less volatile concentrated sulfuric acid. Removal of the volatile nitric acid permits the reaction to go to completion. This method is still used for laboratory preparation of the acid. 

The presence of Increased eunounts of NDPA in trlfluralin was observed In a matter 6f days In the tin containers stored at ambient temperatures. No corrosion Inhibitors were added to the tin containers. Container manufacturers use a flux In the tinning process, many contain either nitrite or nitrate salts. Thus, the potential for the nltrosatlng agents exists as part of the metallic film In a seemingly clean tin container. In addition. Archer and Wlshnok (1976) demonstrated the formation of nltrosamlnes from constituents of polymeric liners of metal cans. Container specifications are vital for pesticide formulations prone to be nltrosated. 

Sonochemical routes also have been used to produce electroactive NPs. For example, metal hydroxides containing Ni(II), Co(II) and mixtures of both have been prepared from the appropriate metal nitrate salts using ammonium hydroxide as the hydrolytic agent [33,34]. This route produces metal-hydroxide NPs with diameters in the range of 2-10 nm. This method has been extensively applied in the synthesis of a wide variety of materials, including nanomaterials [35]. 

Nitrous acid, formed from organic precursors such as nitrosamines and from nitrite and nitrate salts, is a potent accelerator of the deamination of bases. Bisulfite has similar effects. Both agents are used as preservatives in processed foods to prevent the growth of toxic bacteria. They do not appear to increase cancer risks... 

This result shows that, in a neutral aqueous solution, the N03 ion is a relatively weak oxidizing agent. It is a common error to attempt to make an electron-transfer reaction using the NOf ion in a neutral aqueous solution you should not confuse the weak oxidizing power of the NO3 ion under these conditions with its strong oxidizing power in strong acid solution. Nitrate salts... 

Organic heat-transfer fluids require stringent leakage control because they are all flammable from 180 to 540 °C (356 to 1000 °F) [10], and most of the fluids irritate eyes and skin [9]. Although a nitrate salt mixture is nonflammable, it is a strong oxidizing agent and thus should not contact flammable materials. 

For the fluorometric method, uranium is concentrated by co-precipitation with aluminum phosphate, dissolved in diluted nitric acid containing magnesium nitrate as a salting agent, and the co-precipitated uranium is extracted into ethyl acetate and dried. The uranium is dissolved in nitric acid, sodium fluoride flux is added, and the samples fused over a heat source (EPA 1980). 

Intermediate for -> Emulsion (blasting) explosives. These emulsions are non sensitized and are intended to produce an emulsion (a blasting) explosive only after further processing prior to use. Emulsions typicallyconsist of ammonium nitrate (partly replaced by other inorganic nitrate salts), water, fuel and emulsifier agents. 

The TBP extraction process. The extraction of trivalent actinides by TBP may succeed, as well known, at low acidity conditions, provided a sufficient nitrate salt content is reached in the feed solution (13,14). However, the large amount of salting agents to be added to the HAW (tons of Na and Al nitrate per ton of spent... 

It is well known that, after its absorption, NOz forms nitric acid and nitrous acid in water. There is some indication that nitrite produced in this way is oxidized by dissolved 03 (Penkett, 1972). If neutralizing agents (ammonia, calcium carbonate etc.) are present, some nitrate salt is finally formed. It follows from this discussion that both S02 and N02 are oxidized in cloud water by atmospheric ozone. If this speculation is true a correlation should be found between the concentration of sulfate and nitrate ions in precipitation waters. Such a correlation was found in precipitation samples by Gambell and Fisher (1964) among others. However, correlations between any two species in rainwater must be considered with caution because the level of all ions is affected in a similar way by the precipitation intensity or quantity (see Subsection 5.4.1). Nevertheless the identical annual variations of the two ions in precipitation water (see Subsection 5.4.5) suggests that the two species are formed by some similar processes. 

Although molten nitrate salts are powerful oxidizing agents at elevated temperatures, they may be useful solvents for selected organic substances below about 200°C. However, until data become available for other organic solutes, great caution and adequate safety measures are advised. 

The solvent used in the Redox process was hexone, methyl isobutyl ketone, an extractant already in use for purifying uranium ore concentrates (Chap. 5)., Hexone is immiscible with water and will extract uranyl nitrate and plutonyl nitrate selectively from fission-product nitrates if the aqueous solution has a sufficiently high nitrate ion concentration. In the Redox process, aluminum nitrate was used as salting agent because high concentrations of nitric acid would decompose the hexone solvent. 

A modification of the Redox process, the U-hexone process, was used at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant of the U.S. AEC, to recover highly enriched uranium from U-A1 alloy fuel elements irradiated in the Materials Testing Reactor. The aluminum nitrate needed as salting agent was provided when the fuel was dissolved in nitric acid. The plutonium content of the fuel was too low to warrant recovery. Plutonium was made trivalent and inextractable before solvent extraction and thus routed to the aqueous high-level waste. 

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