Bacteria toxicity

According to wastewater requirements, the water quality of effluents should not be toxic on the basis of results of two acute toxicity tests. The following tests can be applied toxicity to fish, toxicity to daphnia, toxicity to luminescent bacteria, toxicity to green algae [205]. 

A less direct effect of sedimentation is the tendency of particles of sand, silt, mud, clay, and other sediments to adsorb pesticides, bacteria, toxic metals, and other harmful substances. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that of the 300 million cubic yards (228 million cubic meters) dredged in the United States each year, up to 12 million cubic yards (9 million cubic meters) are so badly contaminated that they require special handling. 

Ribo, J.M. (1997) Interlaboratory comparison studies of the luminescent bacteria toxicity bioassay, Environmental Toxicology and Water Quality 12 (4), 283-294. 

Ribo, J.M., Yang, J.E. and Huang, P.M. (1989) Luminescent bacteria toxicity assay in the study of mercury speciation, in M. Munawar, G. Dixon, C.I. Mayfield, T. Reynoldson and M.H. Sadar (eds), Environmental Bioassay Techniques and their Application Proceedings of the 1st International Conference held in Lancaster, England, 11-14 July 1988, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 155-162. 

Safe water Water that does not contain harmful bacteria, toxic materials, or chemicals, and is considered safe for drinking even if it may have taste, odor, color, and certain mineral problems. 

Safe water Water that does not contain harmful bacteria, toxic materials, chemicals, or substances, and is considered safe for drinking even if it may have taste, odor, color, and certain mineral problems Safety Practical certainty and very high probability that injury will not occur from the exposure to a hazard the reverse function of the sum total of toxicity and bioavailability. Safety may be expressed as safety = 1 (toxicity x bioavailability)... 

Burton et al [25] investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the luminescent bacteria toxicity test (LBT) as compared with the USP mouse safety test, rabbit muscular implantation, mouse systemic injection, and the MEM elution tissue culture test. The samples included industrial plastics/medical devices and low density polyethylene containing different concentrations of toxic organic substances. The results of these comparative tests showed the LBT to be significantly more sensitive than the animal tests and slightly more sensitive than the tissue culture acute toxicity assay for the samples tested. 

Hence, it may be considered that the luminescent bacteria toxicity test may be used successfully for preliminary screening of toxic concentrations of potentially irritating compounds or products. The LBT is rapid, economical, standardized, and quantitative. It is a useful tool as part of a battery of in vitro tests used for the reduction or partial replacement of certain animal tests. 

Berland, B.R., Bonin, D.J. and Maestrini, S.Y., 1972a. Are some bacteria toxic for marine algae Mar. Biol., 12 189-193. 

Portier, R. J., and K. Fujisaki. 1986. Continuous biodegradation and detoxification of chlorinated phenols using immobilized bacteria. Toxic Assess. 7(4) 501-13. 

TTX intoxication mechanisms through food web links have already been established by model experiments (Ebesu et al., 2000 Hwang, 2003a,b Miyazawa and Noguchi, 2001). From these studies, the intoxication method is hypothesized as illustrated in Figure 4. The initial source of TTX found in most animals, however, is believed to be marine bacteria. Toxic animals accumulate TTX through the food chain as the main route, minor from bacteria. 

Bullich, A. A., Tung, K-K, Scheiber, G. 1990. The luminescent bacteria toxicity test Its potential as an in vitro alternative. Journal of Bioluminesence and Chemiluminescenmce 5 71 -77. 

The bioreactor effluent analysis showed an average removal efficiency of 99.6% for thiodiglycol and 90.6% for total organic carbon (TOC). Figure 2 shows the TOC profile and the results of MICROTOX luminescent marine bacteria toxicity testing... 

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