Nitrate and nitrite analysis

Dwivedi, P. Matz, L.M. Atkinson, D.A. Hill, H.H, Jr., Electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry a rapid analytical method for aqueous nitrate and nitrite analysis. Analyst 2004,129,139-144. 

Colman, B. P. and J. P. Schimel. 2010a. Understanding and eliminating iron interference in colorimetric nitrate and nitrite analysis. Environ. Monit. Assess. 165 633-641. 

BS EN 13395 nitrate and nitrite nitrogen flow analysis and spectrometry... 

Chemiluminescent techniques have been used to determine nanomolar quantities of nitrate and nitrite in seawater [124,125]. This method depends on the selective reduction of these species to nitric oxide, which is then determined by its chemiluminescent reaction with ozone, using a commercial nitrogen oxides analyser. The necessary equipment is compact and sufficiently sturdy to allow shipboard use. A precision of 2nmol/l is claimed, and an analytical range of 2nmol/l with analysis rates of 10-12 samples hourly. 

Flow injection analysis is another technique that has been applied to the determination of nitrate and nitrite in seawater. Anderson [ 126] used flow injection analysis to automate the determination of nitrate and nitrite in seawater. The detection limit of his method was 0.1 imol/l. However, the sampling rate was only 30 per hour which is low for flow injection analysis. Reactions seldom go to completion in a determination by flow injection analysis [127,128] because of the short residence time of the sample in the reaction manifold. Anderson selected a relatively long residence time so that the extent of formation of the azo dye was adequate to give a detection limit of 0.1 pmol/l. This reduced the sampling rate because only one sample is present at a time in the post-injector column in flow injection analysis. Any increase in reaction time causes a corresponding increase in the time needed to analyse one sample. 

Ultraviolet photo-oxidation techniques can be used as a method for organic nitrogen. The organic nitrogen compounds are oxidised to nitrate and nitrite then determined by the standard seawater analysis methods [17,18,23]. 

To monitor the nitrate and nitrite levels in water treated with chlorine and ammonia, water samples must be obtained regularly from water distribution systems and plant process sites and taken to a laboratory for analysis. 

FIGURE 15 Analysis of several anions with 30 mM PDC buffer at pH 5.4. Addition of 3% a-CD improves the separation of nitrate and nitrite, which otherwise will co-migrate. 

Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite in Estuarine and Coastal Waters by Gas Segmented Continuous Flow Colorimetric Analysis... 

There are two approaches to the analysis. In the first, the extractable ammonium-N is determined by a Kjeldahl distillation, and this is subtracted from the value for ammonium plus nitrate (and nitrite) determined by a further separate Kjeldahl distillation preceded by reduction with nascent hydrogen produced by the reaction of Devarda s alloy (45% Al, 50% Cu, 5% Zn) in strongly alkaline solution ... 

Amines, Nitrated and Nitrited, Analytical Procedures. Many of the procedures used for the analytical determination of amines are applicable to nitramines and nitrosamines(see Refs under Amines). Detn of the nitro-group in nitramines is given in Org Analysis 2(1954), 78,80, 85 Addnl Refs a)I.V.Grachev, ZavodLab 12,434... 

Agricultural Development Advisory Service (ADAS) (1979) Ammonium Nitrate and Nitrite-Nitrogen, Potassium Chloride Extractable, in Moist Soil (Method 60). In The Analysis of Agricultural Materials, KB 427, Second Edition, HMSO, London, UK. 

Shiddiky, M. J. A., Won, M. S. and Shim, Y. B. (2006), Simultaneous analysis of nitrate and nitrite in a micro fluidic device with a Cu-complex-modified electrode. Electrophoresis, 27(22) 4545 1554. 

The role of aromatic photonitration and photonitrosation processes in natural waters is still not clearly understood. It is, however, very interesting to report that nitration and nitrosation of monolinuron have been observed upon photolysis of nitrate and nitrite at environmental concentration levels [144], Studies on the environmental importance of such reactions will indeed benefit from the use of HPLC-MS-MS techniques for both process studies and field analysis, as they allow much lower detection limits to be reached when compared with traditional HPLC techniques. In the case of process studies, it would be very interesting to determine the extent at which the pathways observed for the photonitration and photonitrosation of aromatic compounds at fairly high concentration levels can be extrapolated to environmental conditions. 

Mcllvin, M. R., and Altabet, M. A. (2005). Chemical conversion of nitrate and nitrite to nitrous oxide for nitrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis in freshwater and seawater. Analytical Chemistry 77, 5589-5595. 

The earliest approaches to measuring the concentration of nitrate and nitrite rehed on the conversion to a highly colored azo dye. Initial approaches to analysis of the isotopic content of nitrate and nitrite relied on similar conversion followed by extraction of the dye into an organic solvent in a separatory funnel. The organic phase was then removed, evaporated and the extracted dye analyzed for isotopic content (Olson, 1981 Schell, 1978 Wada and Hattori, 1972). The extraction was... 

Preston, T., Zainai, K., Anderson, S., Bury, S. J., and Slater, C. (1998). Isotope dilution analysis of combined nitrogen in natural waters. III. Nitrate and nitrite. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 12, 423-428. 

In Table 1.3.2 a method for the analysis of nitrates and nitrites for a wide variety of samples is given Aqueous nitrate ions are converted to nitrobenzene by reaction with benzene in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst. The special methods for the different materials are described. To stabilize samples against bacterial action, which can reduce nitrate concentrations, phenylmercuric acetate is added after collection ° Other inorganic compounds in the trace levels for gas-chromatographic determination are, for example, water and carbon monoxide, which were determined in organic solvents or air in the ppb-range ... 

Glover, D. J., Hoffsommer, J. C Gas-chromatographic analysis of nitrate and nitrite ions in microgram quantities by conversion to nitrobenzene. J. Chromatogr. 94, 334 (1974)... 

Inorganic nitrogen nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium ions These ions are relevant parameters in environmental analysis because they are involved in important biological processes such as nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction and denitrification. Nitrate and nitrite reductases play a key... 

Anderson (11) was the first to report on the use of FIA for the analysis of seawater micronutrients. He developed a method for the simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite. The chemical reactions for the analysis of nitrate were based on the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by a copper-ized cadmium column placed in the flow path. The nitrite was then analyzed as an azo dye (11). This reaction sequence is conventionally used in both segmented CFA and manual analyses of nitrate and nitrite in seawater (2, 6, 7). The detection limits are 0.1 fxM for nitrate and 0.05 juM for nitrite. 

Similar to conventional CE, HT-CE and HT-ME are applicable to quantitative analyses, as the calibration curve constructed from the transformed data shows good linearity even at concentrations less than the concentration limit of detection obtained using conventional CE (18, 29). HT-CE has been used in the analysis of actual samples. For instance, McReynolds et al. have successfully applied the HT-CE method with UV detection to the analysis of nitrates and nitrites in biological samples (30). We have also shown that the HT... 

M.F. Gine, H. Bergamin-Filho, E.A.G. Zagatto, B.F. Reis, Simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite by flow injection analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta 114 (1980) 191. 

The spectrophotometric determination of Fe(II), Fe(III), nitrate and nitrite ions in natural and wastewaters in a sequential injection system [298] is an interesting example of this innovation. In-line tangential filtration was performed prior to the sample insertion port as part of the sampling step. Particulate material was not aspirated towards the holding coil and several samples could be analysed without the need for frequent cleaning of the filtration unit. Analytical figures of merit were similar to those for the corresponding flow-based analytical procedure with manual sample filtration prior to flow analysis. 

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