Agriculture materials

Industrial Uses of Agricultural Materials Situation and Outlook, IUS-5, U.S. Dept, of Agiicultuie, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C., Sept. 1995. 

The potential for explosive combustion of mixture of sodium chlorate-based herbicides with other combustible agricultural materials was determined. Initiation temperatures and maximum combustion temperatures were measured for mixtures of sodium (or potassium) chlorate with peat, powdered sulfur, sawdust, urotropine (hexamethylenetetramine), thiuram and other formulated materials. With many combinations, maximum temperature increases of 500-1000°C at rates of 400-12007s were recorded for 2 g samples. 

Atomic absorption spectroscopy has been used for the analysis of several metals in numerous other biological, medicinal, and agricultural materials. Early determinations have been summarized 23). 

Flame emission spectrometry is used extensively for the determination of trace metals in solution and in particular the alkali and alkaline earth metals. The most notable applications are the determinations of Na, K, Ca and Mg in body fluids and other biological samples for clinical diagnosis. Simple filter instruments generally provide adequate resolution for this type of analysis. The same elements, together with B, Fe, Cu and Mn, are important constituents of soils and fertilizers and the technique is therefore also useful for the analysis of agricultural materials. Although many other trace metals can be determined in a variety of matrices, there has been a preference for the use of atomic absorption spectrometry because variations in flame temperature are much less critical and spectral interference is negligible. Detection limits for flame emission techniques are comparable to those for atomic absorption, i.e. from < 0.01 to 10 ppm (Table 8.6). Flame emission spectrometry complements atomic absorption spectrometry because it operates most effectively for elements which are easily ionized, whilst atomic absorption methods demand a minimum of ionization (Table 8.7). 

HMSO (1979) Method 8. Boron, water soluble in soil. The Analysis of Agricultural Materials, RB 427, 2nd edn., London. 

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. (1979) The Analysis of Agricultural Materials R.B. 427, HMSO, London. 

The Analysis of Agricultural Materials, 2nd edn, R.B. 427. HMSO, London, (1979) Method 2, p. 6. Preparation of Samples of soil Method 8, p. 21. Boron, water soluble in soil Method 57, p. 134. Nitrogen in soil Method 62, p. 148. Organic matter in soil Method 63, p. 151. Particle size distribution in soil... 

Both degradable packaging and the greater use of agricultural material require a process for the product s production. This topic is considered in the next section. 

Byrne, E. (1979) Chemical Analysis of Agricultural Materials. An Eoras Taluntais, Wexford, Eire, p. 52. 

Scott, R.O., Mitchell, R.L., Purves, D. and Voss, R.C. (1971) Spectrochemical methods for the analysis of soils, plants and other agricultural materials. Bulletin 2. Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, Aberdeen, p. 8. 

Stationery Office for a licence to reproduce material from the MAFF/ADAS publications The Analysis of Agricultural Materials Reference Book 427, and Fertiliser Recommendations Reference book 209 5th and 6th edns. 

Goodman, D. 2000. Organic and conventional agriculture materializing discourse and agro-... 

One particular example of controlled release is sustained release. In this form the desired material is continuously released over a period of time at a constant rate. Two timely publications (3)(4) cover the general area of controlled release, which can also include the controlled release of agricultural materials and biological materials, far example, pheromones. In using the term microencapsulation in this article, the author intends to refer to capsules in the size range of 1 micron to 1000 microns. Capsules below 1 micron in size are frequently referred to as nanocapsules and they are made by one or more very specialized methods (5). The term capsule refers to macro objects in the order of 1 millimeter or larger. This term of capsule is frequently used in the delivery of pharmaceuticals. 

The uses of microcapsules since the Initial coacervatlon work In the 194O s are many and varied. A good early review of these uses that also Includes pharmaceuticals and agricultural materials Is contained In reference (8). The uses of microcapsules that are of Interest here Include the following ... 

TJSDA, Economic Research Sendee Report, Industrial Uses of Agricultural Materials, repoitnoReport IUS-1, 10-35, June. 1993. 

Hyunok Lee, Ethanol s Evolving Role in the U.S. Automobile Fuel Market, Industrial Uses of Agricultural Materials, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Energy, June 1993. 

A significant number of unsaturated compounds are biologically active and known as drugs, agricultural materials etc. 

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