Phenylmercuric acetate

BP Phenylmercuric acetate PhEur Phenyldriargyri acetas USPNF Phenylmercuric acetate 

Phenylmercuric acetate is used as an alternative antimicrobial preservative to phenylmercuric borate or phenylmercuric nitrate in cosmetics (in concentrations not exceeeding 0.0065% of mercury calculated as the metal) and pharmaceuticals. It may be used in preference to phenylmercuric nitrate owing to its greater solubility. 

Phenylmercuric acetate is also used as a spermicide, see Table I. 

Phenylmercuric acetate occurs as a white to creamy white, odorless or almost odorless, crystalline powder, or as small white prisms or leaflets. 

Excipient Phenylmercuric acetate Manufacturer Eastman Fine Chemicals Magnification 600 x 

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Fig. 11.9 Isobologram ( - ) drawn from minimum growth inhibitory concentrations (MIC values) of chlorocresol and phenylmercuric acetate used alone and in combination against Staph, aureus, showing synergy. A, result if combination was merely additive B, result if combination was antagonistic.

The degradation of phenylmercuric acetate to benzene, methylmercuric chloride to methane, and ethylmercuric chloride to ethane and Hg + is apparently carried out by different enzymes from the plasmid-carrying Escherichia coli strain K12 (R831) (Schottel 1978) and Pseudomonas sp. Resistance to organic mercury compounds has also been found in clinical isolates of nontuber-culous, rapidly growing mycobacteria (Steingrube et al. 1991) and can present a challenge in the clinical environment. 

In Hg-resistant bacteria that are resistant to organic forms of Hg such as phenylmercuric acetate and methylmercury chloride, lyases are involved in the fission of the C-Hg to form Hg + and benzene or methane, and the enzyme has been partly purified (Schottel 1978). The Hg + may then be reduced to nontoxic Hg°. The situation under anaerobic conditions for sulfate-reducing bacteria is complicated by the possibility of both methylation and demethylation in the same strain (Pak and Bartha 1998), plausibly by operation of the acetyl-CoA pathway (Choi et al. 1994 Ekstrom et al. 2003). Under anaerobic conditions, demethylation, though not methylation, has been reported for a methanogen (Pak and Bartha 1998). 

Phenylmercuric acetate, with methallyl alcohol to yield 2-methyl-3-phenylpropion-aldehyde, 51, 17 1-PHENYL-1,3-PENTADIYNE, 50,... 

Samples of natural water should either be analysed immediately or be stored (not for a very long time) at a decreased temperature to suppress microbial processes. For the determination of nitrate and nitrite it is useful to conserve the samples by addition of 1 ml chloroform or 0.1% phenylmercuric acetate per Utre. To prevent oxidation of sulphide and some other substances in water samples, reductants are added [5, 147]. If the distribution of a species between the f ree ionic form and various complexes is to be studied, as is of ten the case, care must be taken not to shift the equiUbrium by adding substances that would enter into side reactions with the studied species. 

In microwave plasma destmction, organic material is channeled through a plasma detector tube where destruction is initiated by microwave radiation-producing electrons. The electrons react with the organic molecules to form free radicals and final simple reaction products such as SO2, CO2, CO, H2O, HPO3, COCI2, and Br2 [60]. In bench-scale tests, the plasma method resulted in extensive detoxification (>99% destmction) for several pesticides, including malathion, phenylmercuric acetate (PMA), and Kepone [55]. 

Phenyl isocyanate, with ethyl hydrazine-carboxylate to give 4-phenyl-l-car-bethoxysemicarbazide,51,122 Phenylmercuric acetate, with methallyl alcohol to yield 2-methyl-3-phenyl-propionaldehyde, 51, 17 1-PHENYL-1,3-PENTADIYNE, 50, 97 1-PHENYL-1,4-PENTADIYNE. 50, 97 a-Phenylpentanal, from 2-benzyl-4,4,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-l,3(4H)-... 

Refluxing a mixture of mercury(II) acetate and acetic acid in excess benzene yields phenylmercuric acetate (PMA). 

Derived from lowest observable adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 42 pg Hg/kg BW daily of phenylmercuric acetate tor detectable kidney damage in rats after 2 years and an uncertainty factor of 5 (USPHS 1994). 

The physiology of stomatal movement has been extensively researched. Early studies using phenylmercuric acetate demonstrated that the induced closure of stomata could conserve water significantly up to one month from the time of treatment. Although reductions in transpiration would probably carry a yield penalty, the long-term benefits of increased land use are desirable. However, no commercially viable anti-transpirants have been produced. 

Oxymetazoline HC1 Naphazoline HC1 Xylometazoline HC1 Tetrahydrozoline HC1 Benzalkonium chloride Phenylmercuric acetate Glycine Sorbitol Sodium chloride Carboxymethylcellulose Microcrystalline cellulose EDTA Chlorhexidine gluconate Eucalyptol Menthol Camphor... 

Phenylmercuric acetate [62-38-4] M 336.1, ml48-151 , 149 , 151.8-152.8 . Small colourless lustrous prisms from EtOH. Its solubility in H2O is 0.17% but it is more soluble in EtOH, Me2CO and CgHg. [Maynard JACS 46 1510 1925 Coleman et al. JACS 59 2703 1937 Grave et al. J Amer Pharm Assocn 25 752 7956]. 

Mercuration- Thallation. Mercuric acetate and thallium trifluoroacetate react with benzene to yield phenylmercuric acetate [62-38-4] or phenylthallic trifluoroacetate. The arylthallium compounds can be converted into phenols, nitriles, or aryl iodides (31). 

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