Nicotinic effects gases

Benowitz NL, Eitzgerald GA, Wilson M, Zhang Q (1993) Nicotine effects on eicosanoid formation and hemostatic function comparison of transdermal nicotine and cigarette smoking. J Am Coll Cardiol 22 1159-1167... 

Ethers, esters, amides and imidazolidines containing an epithio group are said to be effective in enhancing the antiwear and extreme pressure peiformance of lubricants. Other uses of thiiranes are as follows fuel gas odorant (2-methylthiirane), improvement of antistatic and wetting properties of fibers and films [poly(ethyleneglycol) ethers of 2-hydroxymethyl thiirane], inhibition of alkene metathesis (2-methylthiirane), stabilizers for poly(thiirane) (halogen adducts of thiiranes), enhancement of respiration of tobacco leaves (thiirane), tobacco additives to reduce nicotine and to reduce phenol levels in smoke [2-(methoxymethyl)thiirane], stabilizers for trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (2-methylthiirane, 2-hydroxymethylthiirane) and stabilizers for organic compounds (0,0-dialkyldithiophosphate esters of 2-mercaptomethylthiirane). The product of the reaction of aniline with thiirane is reported to be useful in the flotation of zinc sulfide. 

Kyerematen GA, Morgan M, Warner G, Martin LF, VeseU ES (1990) Metabohsm of nicotine by hepatocytes, Biochem Pharmacol 40(8) 1747-1756 Le Gal A, Dreano Y, Lucas D, Berthou F (2003) Diversity of selective environmental substrates for human cytochrome P450 2A6 alkoxyethers, nicotine, coumarin, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine, Toxicol Lett 144(1) 77-91 Lee BL, Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd (1987) Influence of tobacco abstinence on the disposition kinetics and effects of nicotine, Clin Pharmacol Ther41(4) 474 79 Lee BL, Jacob P 3rd, Jarvik ME, Benowitz NL (1989) Food and nicotine metabolism, Pharmacol Biochem Behav 33(3) 621-625... 

Madden PAF, Heath AC, Starmer GA, Whitfield JB, Martin NG (1995) Alcohol sensitivity and smoking history in men and women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19 1111-1120 Malin DH, Alvarado CL, Woodhouse KS, Karp H, Urdiales E, Lay D, et al (2002) Passive immunization against nicotine attenuates nicotine discrimination. Life Sci 70 2793-2798 Mitchell SH, deWit H, Zacny JP (1995) Effects of varying ethanol dose on cigarette consumption in healthy normal volunteers, Behav Pharmacol 6 359-365 Mumford GK, Evans SM, Kaminski BJ, Preston KL, Sannerud CA, Silverman K, Griffiths RR (1994) Discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of theobromine and caffeine in humans. Psychopharmacology 115 1-8... 

General supportive care should be provided as outlined above. Extra precautions should be taken to ensure that rescuers and health care providers are not poisoned by exposure to contaminated clothing or skin. This is especially critical for the most potent substances such as parathion or nerve gas agents. Antidotal treatment consists of atropine and pralidoxime (see Table 58-4). Atropine is an effective competitive inhibitor at muscarinic sites but has no effect at nicotinic sites. Pralidoxime given early enough is capable of restoring the cholinesterase activity and is active at both muscarinic and nicotinic sites. 

The behavior and health effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) depends upon how certain compounds (e.g., PAHs, nicotine, carbazole) are distributed between the gas and the particulate phases. Using a desorption technique, Liang and Pankow (1996) have determined gas/ETS particle partition coefficients for a series... 

Gallery, D.J., The effect of gas velocity on fumigant action of nicotine, dichlorvos and hydrogen cyanide, ]. Stored Prod. Res., 3,17,1967. 

Weeks et al. compared the separation of nicotine, nornicotine, myosmine, anabasine and anatabine on three gas chromatographic packed columns using SE-30, Versamid and DC 550 as stationary phases. Relative retention times, effective plate values and resolution are listed in Table 5.5. 

The IR-spectra of 41 tobacco alkaloids and related compounds have been tabulated (S5). Nornicotine, nicotine, myosmine, nicotyrine, anabasine, anatabine, and dihydronicotyrine were separated from an extract of tobacco alkaloids by countercurrent partition (86). Thin-layer chromatography has been used to separate nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, and nicotyrine (57). The use of gas chromatography to separate tobacco alkaloids has been studied. The retention times of 11 tobacco alkaloids on polyethylene glycol columns has been reported (88) and the effect of the column packing on the retention times of pyridine bases has been described (89). Mixtures containing pyrrolidine, piperidine, pyridine, and various alkylated pyridines have been separated using programed temperature control (90). 

RARs are known to be activated by an increase of flnid filtration into the interstitial space in the Inng (Kappagoda and Ravi 2006). An increase in the interstitial fluid volume can also resnlt from the action of nitric oxide, an endogenous free-radical gas, that increases the microvascular permeability and flnid flux into the perivascular space in the airway tissue. Since snbstance P and other tachykinins are known to trigger the release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells (Nguyen et al. 1995), activation of pnlmonary C-fibers by nicotine can produce a secondary stimulatory effect on RARs (load et al. 1997). Whether this indirect effect plays a part in the cigarette smoke-indnced stimulation of RARs is not known. 

Hurt RD, Dale LC, Croghan GA, Croghan IT, Gomez-Dahl LC, Offord KP. Nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation Pattern of use, side effects, rehef of withdrawal symptoms, and cotinine levels. Mayo Clin Proc 1998 73 118-25. 

Evans WC (1975) Thiaminases and their effects on animals. Vitam Horm 33 467-504 Faivre M, Saif N, Barral C (1975) Accidents de la vitamine Bi2- Lyon Med 233 897-993 Feinberg SM (1948) Anaphylactic shock due to nicotinic acid. NY State J Med 48 635 Fisher AA (1975) Contact dermatitis in surgeons. J Dermatol Surg 1 63-67 Fishman L, Goldstein M (1968) Vitamins in dermatology. J Med Assoc Ga 57 342-346 Folkers K (1969) Survey on the vitamin aspects of coenzyme Q. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 39 334-352... 

Before World War II, the list of insecticides included only a few compounds of arsenic, petroleum oils, nicotine, pyrethrum (obtained from dried chrysanthemum flowers), rotenone (obtained from roots of derris vines), sulfur, hydrogen cyanide gas, and cryohte (the mineral Na AlF ). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethane (DDT), the first of the chlorinated organic insecticides, was originally prepared in 1873, but it was not until 1939 that Paul Muller of Geigy Pharmaceutical in Switzerland discovered the effectiveness of DDT as an insecticide. 

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Nicotine in Gases and Liquids with Suppression of Adsorption Effects Anal. Chem. 52(11) 1755-1758 (1980) ... 

L. inflata L. is a traditional medicinal plant native to North America. It contains several piperidine alkaloids. The main alkaloid is lobeline which has a stimulatory effect on the respiratory center and it is applied in the cases of asthma, gas- and narcotic-poisoning. Thus, lobeiine is currently the subject of renewed interest for the treatment of drug abuse and neurological disorders, like Alzheimer s or Parkinson s disease, which pose an important public health problem in industrial countries. As lobeiine can act as a competitive nicotinic receptor antagonist, it is frequently used in antismoking preparations. Interest in Lobelia alkaloids, and in particular (-)-lobeline, the most active of them, has increased in recent years due to their activity on the central nervous system (CNS). 

Rizvi SJH, Mishra GP, Rizvi V (1989a) Allelopathic effects of nicotine on maize. 1. Its possible importance in crop rotation. Plant and Soil 116 289-291 Rizvi SJH, Mishra GP, Rizvi V (1989b) Allelopathic effects of nicotine on maize. Some aspects of its mechanism of action. Plant Soil 116 292-293 Robins DJ (1995) Biosynthesis of pyrroUzidine and quinolizidine alkaloids. In The alkaloids -chemistry and pharmacology, vol 46. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp 1-62 Robins RJ, Walton NJ (1993) The biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids. In Cordell GA (ed) The alkaloids - chemistry and pharmacology, vol 44. Academic Press, San Diego (CA), USA, pp 115-187... 

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