Native plant

Upon elimination of the fluids, the liner to the pit is folded over the residual solids in a way to prevent fluid migration. The liner is then buried inplace. The operator may choose to remove the liner contents completely to preclude any future contamination. In the case of a producing well, the location is reclaimed up to the deadmen. The adjacent areas are contoured to provide for drainage away from the production facilities. In the case of a dryhole, the entire location is reclaimed to the initial condition. All of the reclaimed area should be ripped to enhance soil conductivity. The top soil is then spread over the reclaimed area followed by seeding. Local seed mixtures are broadcast to quicken reintroduction of native plants. 

The human impact on the environment affects many areas of our lives and future. One example is the effect of acid rain on biodiversity, the diversity of living things. In the prairies that extend across the heartlands of North America and Asia, native plants have evolved that can survive even nitrogen-poor soil and drought. By studying prairie plants, scientists hope to breed food plants that will be hardy sources of food in times of drought. However, acid rain is making some of these plants extinct. 

Research on air pollution is complex. Forests and prairies cover vast areas, and the interplay of regional air pollutants is so subtle that it may take years to sort out all the environmental stresses. However, controls being put in place are already beginning to reduce the acidity of rain in North America and F.urope. Such controls will help us maintain our quality of life without losing our precious heritage of native plants. We can also help by using automobiles less and bicycles more or by taking public transportation when we can. 

The discovery of these enzymes enables a better structural characterisation of the hairy (ramified) regions of pectin, as already demonstrated by Schols et al. (1990b) and also of native plant cell wall pectin (Schols et al., 1995). In this study we show how the two exo-enzymes of the above described series, the RG-rhamnohydrolase and the RG-galacturonohydrolase, can be used as tools in the characterisation of unknown RG fragments. These unknown fragments were the products of RG-hydrolase or RG-lyase action toward linear RG oligomers (RGO s), which were produced by acid hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp. 

Koppen W (1931) Grundriss der Klimakunde. De Druiter, Berlin, Germany Kourtev PS, Ehrenfeld JG, Haggblom M (2003) Experimental analysis of the effect of exotic and native plant species on the structure and function of soil microbial communities. Soil Biol Biochem 35 895-905 Lawton JH (1994) What do species do in ecosystems Oikos 71 367-374... 

Lauchli A, Schwander H. X-ray microanalyser study on the location of minerals in native plant tissue sections. Experientia 1966 22 503-505. 

These conclusions were not universally accepted. Payen s cellulose was regarded by many workers in the field as an artifact produced by chemical changes in the materials during purification and isolation. A common concept was that native plant materials were homogeneous complexes characteristic of each species of plant. Even Cross and... 

This North American native plant makes a fine garden shrub with lovely fall coloring. A single plant will crop reasonably well two or more bushes to cross-pollinate each other will fruit much better. Fruiting will start in the second summer after planting, reaching full cropping after five or six years. 

Australian workers have reported allelopathic phenomena in native plant communities, both undisturbed and managed. In agriculture, allelochemicals have been identified with plant interference during life and, from their residues, after death. Bacteria are involved in examples of allelopathy from these several milieux. 

The study of the fungal gibberellins has had a very important consequence—the 1 discovery that the gibberellins are native plant growth hormones. 

Figure 2. The various chemical structures of native plant hormones.

Marshall JD, Zhang J (1994) Carbon isotope discrimination and water-use efficiency in native plants of the North-Central Rockies. Ecology 75 1887-1895... 

Garrett, J.T., The Cherokee Herbal, Native Plant Medicine from the Four Directions, Bear and Company, VT, 2003. 

Saponins appear to lower plasma LDL cholesterol concentration by interfering with cholesterol absorption. Studies in rats and monkeys fed naturally occurring saponins exhibited significant reductions in cholesterol absorption efficiency and an increase in fecal cholesterol excretion (Malinow et al., 1981 Nakamura et al., 1999 Sidhu et al., 1987). Decreased bile acid absorption and increased excretion has also been reported in animals fed saponins (Malinow et al., 1981 Nakamura et al., 1999 Stark and Madar, 1993). One possible mechanism of action for decreased cholesterol absorption is the ability of saponins to form insoluble complexes with cholesterol (Gestetner et al., 1972 Malinow et al., 1977). In an effort to isolate the specific properties of saponins, Malinow (1985) prepared a variety of synthetic saponins in which the complex carbohydrate moieties of native plant saponins were replaced with simplified carbohydrates such as glucose or cellobiose. One of these synthetic saponins, tiqueside (Pfizer, Inc.), can effectively precipitate cholesterol from micelle solutions in vitro and inhibit cholesterol absorption in a variety of animals (Harwood et al., 1993) and in humans (Harris et al., 1997). But despite ample data showing the formation of a saponin/cholesterol complex in vitro, there is essentially no definitive evidence that complexation occurs in the intestinal lumen (Morehouse et al., 1999). 

Kathiresan R.M. Allelopathic potential of native plants against water hyacinth. Crop Prot 2000 19 705-708. 

Both bacterial and native plant cellulose (so called cellulose I) coexist in two crystal modifications a (triclinic) and p (monoclinic). The difference consists in the H-bonding systems and in the conformation of neighboring cellulose chains. The la/lp ratio depends on the origin of the cellulose [13]. 

Others may have concerns that are more scientific. There has been much concern about the spread of pollen from GE plants and how this movement could affect non-GE crops and native plants. If organic crops cross-pollinate with GE crops, it is possible that consumers would reject the crops. There is also the concern that GE traits could be transferred and persist in wild plants in such a way as to disrupt the natural ecology. I can imagine that Rachel Carson would have been concerned about the potential disruptive effects of pollen flow. At the same time, she may have thought GE plants could be beneficial if they could help reduce pesticide use. 

The approval of Taxol for marketing in December 1992 was the culmination of 35 years of work. During this period of time the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) collaborated to collect, identify, and screen U.S. native plant material for antitumor activity. The year 1992 also marked, coincidentally, the discovery of the Ice Man in the Italian Alps. This Bronze Age man, who died 5300 years ago, was found in possession of a pure copper axe set in a yew wood handle and an unfinished 6-foot yew bow. Obviously, the yew tree has played a number of important roles for humans throughout history. 

---