Geigy Pharmaceuticals

Hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic acid (Chel DM Acid, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsley, New York). 

Recently a new benzimidazole-2-carbamate (21, CGI 13866) developed by Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceutical Company, has been reported which shows 49% macrofilaricidal activity when given orally and 100% microfilaricidal against B. malayi infection in monkeys [38]. A few benzimidazole-2-carbamates (22, 23) have been also reported in the literature [39-41] as micro- and macro-... 

Ritalin has been hailed by many parents and teachers as a miracle pill once described by its makers (Novartis, formerly Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceuticals) as a mild central nervous system stimulant and by the New York Times as a mild stimulant that is roughly [equivalent to] a jolt of strong coffee. 24 These statements belie the fact that Ritalin has been known, since it was first marketed in the mid-1950s, to be a highly addictive drug subject to widespread abuse. 

Kunkel DB. Emergency medicine. Geigy Pharmaceuticals, July 15, 1985. 

Craig N K Ritschel gave 2.8 only ref Geigy Pharmaceuticals. 

China Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company Sino-American Shanghai Squibb Pharmaceutical Ltd Sino-Swedish Pharmaceutical Corporation Tianjin Smithkline and French Laboratories Xian Janssen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Beijing Zhongrui Ciba-Geigy Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Chongqin Glaxo Pharmaceuticals Ltd Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Ltd... 

Paul Hermann Muller was carrying out research on insecticides at Geigy Pharmaceuticals in Switzerland when he came across a compound that had first been made in 1874 by Othmar Zeidler, a young chemistry student. It had remarkable insecticidal properties at very low doses, and it was quickly conuner-cialized. Factories churned out about three million tons of DDT over the next thirty years. Muller was awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine for his contribution to human health. 

Before World War II, the list of insecticides included only a few compounds of arsenic, petroleum oils, nicotine, pyrethrum (obtained from dried chrysanthemum flowers), rotenone (obtained from roots of derris vines), sulfur, hydrogen cyanide gas, and cryohte (the mineral Na AlF ). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethane (DDT), the first of the chlorinated organic insecticides, was originally prepared in 1873, but it was not until 1939 that Paul Muller of Geigy Pharmaceutical in Switzerland discovered the effectiveness of DDT as an insecticide. 

Diem, K. Documenta Geigy. Scientific Tables. New York Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsley. 

Karl J. Doebel, Mary Lee Graeme, Norbert Gruenfeld, Louis J. Ignarro, Sam J. Piliero, and Jan W. F. Wasley, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Division of Geigy Chemical Corporation, Ardsley, New York... 

Traugott Sandmeyer (1854-1922) was born in Wettingen. Switzerland, and received his Ph.D. at the University of Heidelberg. He spent his professional career doing pharmaceutical research at the Geigy Company in Basel,... 

The medical success of these drugs gave new emphasis to the pharmaceutical industry, which was boosted further by the commencement of industrial-scale penicillin manufacture in the early 1940s. Around this time, many of the current leading pharmaceutical companies (or their forerunners) were founded. Examples include Ciba Geigy, Eli Lilly, Wellcome, Glaxo and Roche. Over the next two to three decades, these companies developed drugs such as tetracyclines, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, antidepressants and many more. Most of these pharmaceutical substances are manufactured by direct chemical synthesis. 

Research Department, Pharmaceuticals Division, CIRA-GEIGY Corp.,... 

Singh AR, McCormick GC, Arthur AT. 1988. 90-day oral toxicity study in rats. Unpublished study dated August 4, 1990 from Ciba-Geigy Corporation, EPA guidelines no. 82-1. Research Department, Pharmaceuticals Division. Summit, NJ. EPA-40815003. 

Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 66 Ciba-Geigy Corporation, 24 Commonwealth of Virginia, 27 Cornell University, 117 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, 47... 

Since Geigy already had a well-established Pharmaceutical Division, the required toxicological studies were completed in a timely manner. 

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 2Basic Pharmaceutics Research, Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Ardsley, NY 10502... 

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