Neutrophilic leukocytes

Lackie, J.M., Wilkinson, P.C. (1984). Adhesion and locomotion of neutrophil leukocytes on 2-D substrata and in 3-D matrices. In White Cell Mechanics Basic Clinical Aspects (Meiselman, H.J., Lichtman, M.A., LaCelle, P.L., eds.), pp. 237-254. Alan R. Liss, New York. 

G. Larfars, F. Lantoine, M.A. Devynck, and H. Gyllenhammar, Electrochemical detection of nitric oxide production in human polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 59, 361-368 (1999). 

Haston, W. S., Wilkinson, P. C. (1987). Gradient perception by neutrophil leukocytes. 

The finely tuned hematopoietic system, however, sometimes breaks down. Neutropenia—decreased blood neutrophil numbers below 1800 cells/mm —is a clinical condition in which neutrophilic leukocytes in the blood fall two standard deviations below normal. Leukopenia and granulocytopenia are terms that are generally used interchangeably with neutropenia. Recurrent infections which typically are inconsequential in healthy subjects, could produce significant consequences in neutropenia, and can be devastating for immunocompromised patients. There are many acquired causes of neutropenia, with... 

However, an enhanced extracellular potassium concentration and depolarization of the fibers besides the other factors lead to a reduced sodium channel availability, to a reduced maximum depolarization velocity, shortened action potentials and to a slowing of conduction. These changes result in an alteration in the activation patterns [Dhein et al., 1994] and an increase in dispersion of action potential duration, which is even more pronounced in the presence of neutrophilic leukocytes [Dhein et al., 1995a],... 

Isolation of human neutrophils. Leukocytes were obtained from normal donors by leukapheresis with an IBM 2997 Blood Cell Separator (8). Normal mature neutrophils were purified from this mixed leukocyte preparation by dextran sedimentation and Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation as previously described (9). The Wright-stained smears of the preparation showed that the cells were over 95% neutrophils. 

Adverse Effects. Cidofovir may cause nephrotoxicity, especially at higher doses. This drug may also decrease the number of neutrophilic leukocytes, resulting in neutropenia and related symptoms such as fever, chills, and sore throat. Other side effects include headache and gastrointestinal disturbances (anorexia, nausea, diarrhea). 

T4. Thelen, M., Wymann, M. P., and Langen, H., Wortmannin binds specifically to 1-pho-sphatidylinositol 3-kinase while inhibiting guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor signaling in neutrophil leukocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4960-4964 (1994). 

Eisner, J., Oppermann, M Czech, W., and Kapp, A. (1994) C3a activates the respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. Blood 83, 3324-3331. 

Hypochlorite, Myeloperoxidase Hydrogen Peroxide-Chloride System of Neutrophilic Leukocytes... 

Despite that the MPO-catalyzed oxidation of halides seems to employ the same mechanisms active in primary production of the respective hypohalous acids, the final products of peptide and protein oxidation vary, depending on the halide ion employed iodides and bromides when used as substrates yield stable bromo-and iodotyrosine derivatives, whereas direct chlorination of the available free amino moieties and semistable chloramines formation predominate when Cl is oxidized as the substrate (S54, Z3). The chlorination is a unique function of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (W6, Z2). 

Chloramines are considered as main products secondary to hypochlorite formation. Taurine is one of the most abundant sources of free amino groups in polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes, representing approximately 50% of all low-molecular-weight amines released by PMNs (G24, Z5), and taurine chloramine is formed immediately along with MPO-mediated HOC1 synthesis ... 

Methionine sulfoxide formation may occur without noticeable changes in physical or immunochemical properties of the protein. Thus reduction of sulfoxide to thioether often completely restores the lost protein function. Many cells, including human polymoprhonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes, contain enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase, which is able to convert methionine sulfoxide to the reduced methione form in a variety of proteins (B25, F8). Methionine reacting with a strong oxidant effects methionine sulfone production, which in vivo is not reduced back to methionine. 

Baggiolini, M., Boulay, F., Badwey, J. A., and Gurnutte, J. T. (1993). Activation of neutrophil leukocytes Ghemoattractant receptors and respiratory burst. FASEB J. 7, 1004-1010. 

Oxidation of deferiprone with hypochlorous acid, the major oxidant of neutrophil leukocytes, results in the formation of a chemically reactive species, consistent with the quinone metabolite of deferiprone. Deferiprone-related agranulocytosis presumably results from a T cell-mediated immunological reaction, induced by a reactive metabolite of deferiprone (18). In one case agranulocytosis and systemic vasculitis (with arthritis, palpable purpura of the legs, erythema of the palms and soles, and desquamation of the skin over the distal phalanges) occurred in association with deferiprone (22). 

Transient leukopenia with a disproportionate reduction in neutrophilic leukocytes has been reported during treatment with sulfadiazine silver (35). This adverse effect appears to run a typical course sulfadiazine-induced leukopenia reaches a nadir within 2-4 days of starting therapy, with a characteristic fall in the neutrophil count and a relative increase in the number of band forms. The erythrocjrte count is not affected. By 2-3 days after the onset of leukopenia, the leukocyte count returns to normal. The leukocjrte count tends to recover whether or not the silver sulfadiazine is withdrawn and may also be an intrinsic response to bum injury and unrelated to the use of silver sulfadiazine. 

Levesque. L. etai (1991) The interaction of 3.5-pyrazolidinedione drugs with receptors for f-Met-Leu-Phe on human neutrophil leukocytes a study of the structure- activity relationship. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 69,419-425. Levesque. L. era (1992) Comparison of two classes of non-peptide drugs as antagonists of neutrophil receptors for f-Met-Leu-Phe. Pyrazolons and iodinated radiographic contrast agents. Biochem. Pharmacol., 43. 553-560. Derian. C.K. er at (1996) Selective inhibition of N-formylpeptide-induced neutrophil activation by carbamate-modified peptide analogues. Biochemistry, 35.1265-1269. 

The discovery by Masson et al. in 1969 [50,51] of the presence of lactotransferrin in the specific granules of neutrophilic leukocytes suggested its participation in the mechanisms of cell-mediated defence and opened the way to active research on this fascinating protein. 

Alteration of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Leukocyte Response to Shear Stress Exposure In Vitro Effects of Prostaglandin Ei and Dipyridamole Derivative RA-233... 

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