Leukocytes, human neutrophilic

Borregaard N, Cowland JB Granules of the human neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Blood 1997 89 3503. 

Historically, leukocyte NADPH oxidase was the first discovered enzyme of this type the existence of this enzyme in neutrophils was reported in 1962-1966 [59-61]. (As the evidence of superoxide production in biological systems has been obtained several years later, at that time the nature of oxygen species produced by leukocytes was of course unknown.) And only about 10 years later, Babior et al. [62] have shown that the activation of human neutrophils resulted in the production of superoxide. The structure of leukocyte NADPH has been widely discussed and well-established [57]. Superoxide production catalyzed by NADPH oxidase is described by Reaction (5) ... 

Natalizumab (Tysabri ) is a recombinant humanized IgG4 mAb that binds to the a4-integrin subunit of a4(31 (VLA-4) and oA M (LPAM-1) integrins expressed on the surface of all leukocytes except neutrophils, and inhibits the a4-mediated adhesion of leukocytes to their respective receptors.103 104 The receptor for a4pi, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), is expressed on activated endothelial cells and is... 

Malawista, S. E., Montgomery, R. R., Van Blaricom, G. (1992). Evidence for reactive nitrogen intermediates in killing of Staphylococci by human neutrophil cytoplasts A new microbicidal pathway for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 90, 631-6. 

Harvath, L., Balke, J. A., Christiansen, N. P., Russell, A. A., and Skubitz, K. M. (1991) Selected antibodies to leukocyte common antigen (CD45) inhibit human neutrophil chemotaxis. J. Immunol. 146, 949-957. 

Isolation of human neutrophils. Leukocytes were obtained from normal donors by leukapheresis with an IBM 2997 Blood Cell Separator (8). Normal mature neutrophils were purified from this mixed leukocyte preparation by dextran sedimentation and Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation as previously described (9). The Wright-stained smears of the preparation showed that the cells were over 95% neutrophils. 

The flow of leukocytes was studied in square capillaries fabricated on a Si chip, and sealed with a PDMS or Pyrex cover plate. This capillary size (cross section of 4 pm2) is similar to the diameter of a human blood capillary, but is less than both the average diameter of a leukocyte cell (10 pm) and its nucleus (6 pm). Figure 8.32 shows the difference in the flow behavior of two leukocytes (possibly neutrophils) [1175]. Deformation-induced release of ATP from erythrocytes in PDMS channels was studied. The released ATP was detected by chemiluminescence using the luciferin/luciferase system [169]. 

E. C. Luccy, P. J. Stone. D. EL Ciccolclla, R. Bcuer, T. 0. Christensen, R. C. Thompson, and G- L. Snider. Recombinant human secretory leukocyte-protease inhibitor in vitro properties, and amelioration of human neutrophil elastase-induced emphysema and secretory cell metaplasia in the hamster. /. Lab. Clin. hied. 7/5 224... 

Marquis G, Gaizon S, Montplaisir S, Strykowski H, Benhamou N Histochemical and iimnuno-chemical study of the fate of Candida albicans inside human neutrophil phagolysosomes. J Leukocyte Biol 1991 50 587-599. 

Human leukocyte elastase (HLE EC 3.4.21.37 also known as human neutrophil elastase, HNE) [1] is a strongly basic glycoprotein which is produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) and is released from their azurophilic granules [2]. HLE exists as at least four distinct isozymes, which range in molecular weight from 24 [3] to 30 kDa [4] and appear to differ only in carbohydrate content [5]. Furthermore, human sputum elastase (HSE), which is isolated from purulent sputum as at least five distinct isozymes [6], is both immunologically and catalytically indistinguishable from HLE [7] and is believed to be identical to it. 

Clancy R, Leszczynska J, Amin A, etal. (1995) Nitric oxide stimulates ADP ribosyla-tion of actin in association with the inhibition of actin polymerization in human neutrophils. In Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 58 196—202... 

Levesque. L. etai (1991) The interaction of 3.5-pyrazolidinedione drugs with receptors for f-Met-Leu-Phe on human neutrophil leukocytes a study of the structure- activity relationship. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 69,419-425. Levesque. L. era (1992) Comparison of two classes of non-peptide drugs as antagonists of neutrophil receptors for f-Met-Leu-Phe. Pyrazolons and iodinated radiographic contrast agents. Biochem. Pharmacol., 43. 553-560. Derian. C.K. er at (1996) Selective inhibition of N-formylpeptide-induced neutrophil activation by carbamate-modified peptide analogues. Biochemistry, 35.1265-1269. 

Apoptotic cell death is regulated by NO and ONOO" in several cell types including myeloid-derived leukocytes such as neutrophils. The biological effects of NO and ONOO" have been recently reviewed [68]. GEA3162 is able to promote apoptotic cell death in human neutrophils in a caspase-dependent manner [69]. The tumor suppressor p53 is suggested to play a crucial role in apoptosis induced by oxidants. However, functional p53 is not a requirement for ONOO -mediated cell death, as GEA3162 induces mitochondrial permeability in a p53-deficient murine bone marrow cell line, Jaws II. GEA3162 activates caspases 3 and 2 which are important for apoptosis to proceed, with roles for caspases 8 and 9, and p38 MAP kinase [70]. 

Leonard, E., Skeel, A., Yoshimura, T., Noer, K., Kutvirt, S., and Van Epps, D., Leukocyte specificity and binding of human neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1, J. Immunol., 144, 1323, 1990. 

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