Neurons cell cultures

The antioxidant property of ferulic acid and related compounds from rice bran was reported by Kikuzaki et al, (2002). Their results indicated that these compounds elicit their antioxidant function through radical scavenging activity and their affinity with lipid substrates. Another recent study reported by Butterfield et al, (2002) demonstrated that ferulic acid offers antioxidant protection against hydroxyl and peroxyl radical oxidation in synaptosomal and neuronal cell culture systems in vitro. The effect of ferulic acid on blood pressure (BP) was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). After oral administration of ferulic acid the systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased in a dose-dependent manner. There was a significant correlation between plasma ferulic acid and changes in the SBP of the tail artery, suggesting... 

BUTTERFIELD D A, MARINA A, JAROSLAW K, ANTONIO s (2002) FeruUc add antioxidant protection against hydroxyl and peroxyl radical oxidation in synaptosomal and neuronal cell culture systems in vitro Structure activity studies. JNutri Biochem, 13(5) 273-81. 

Banker, G., and Goslin, K. (1988). Developments in neuronal cell culture. Nature 336, 185-186. 

Taken together, the limited experiments conducted using neuronal cell cultures illustrate a distinct difference in the way that pyrethroids modify ion conductance and subsequent neurotransmitter release under resting and depolarized conditions. Continued efforts utilizing recent new tools like automated patch-clamp systems and MEAs to assess the effects of pyrethroids on the kinetics and voltage-dependent gating of ion channels in primary cultures or transfected cells is likely to provide new insight into the neurotoxicity of pyrethroids [79, 82]. 

The 5-HT4 receptor is a member of the seven transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled family of receptors (GPCR) and constitutes an important subtype of the class of serotonin (5-HT) receptors. Initially, the 5-HT4 receptor was characterized in the neuronal cell culture [3] of mouse colliculi and was shown to be positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. The effect of serotonin was mimicked by the 5-HT4 receptor agonists, BIMU 1 and BIMU 8, and was blocked by the 5-HT4... 

Arrays can be divided into three groups depending on their design (Fig. 32.2). In the first design, each electrode is independently addressed (Fig. 32.2a). This type of array allows several practical applications. On one hand, these devices can be fabricated for obtaining the same information at different sites of a medium. For example, studies about the responses of neuronal cell cultures under different stimulus [85-87]. On the other hand, these devices can be designed to obtain different information at reduced spaces, i.e. multianalyte determination. Those arrays can be employed directly like detectors in flow systems [88] (where each electrode is maintained at a different potential) or they can be individually modified for specific analytes [89],... 

Zimmerman T, Rubakhin S, Sweedler J (2011) MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of neuronal cell cultures. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 22 828-836. doi 10.1007/sl3361-011-0111-2... 

HA also protects primary neuronal cell culture and animals from glutamate toxicity. Glutamate activates A-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and increases the flux of calcium ions into the neurons,whereas calcium at toxic levels can kill the cells. Pretreatment of primary neuronal cells with HA reduced glutamate- and OP-induced toxicity and decreased neuronal death.The consequence of excitatory amino-acid-induced overstimulation has been implicated in a variety of acute and... 

The major obstacle to PNA use so far has been poor uptake by most cells and tissues. Therefore, delivery systems based mainly on the use of peptide vectors have been developed. Recent studies, on the other hand, demonstrate that neuronal tissues or cells are an exception to this general rule and spontaneously take up PNA (13-16). The reason for this is not clear, but the fact is that if injected directly into neuronal tissue, or applied to a neuronal cell culture, a delivery vector is not obligatory for cellular uptake of PNA oligomers. 

It is likely that the use of this in vitro method to predict the extent of compound distribution to the brain may enhance the value of toxicological findings in neuronal cell cultures, owing to the fact that the actual concentration at the target site could be determined. 

Treatment of neuronal cell culture models with metal ligands... 

Gerlach R, Beck M, Zeitschel U, Seifert V. 2002. MK 801 attenuates c-fos and c-jun expression after in vitro ischemia in rat neuronal cell cultures but not in PC 12 cells. Neurol Res 24 725-729. 

Noradrenaline Mouse Sympathetic neurons (cell culture) Electrically evoked H]noradrenaline release Gobel etal.2000... 

Tholey G, Ledig M, Kopp P, et al. 1988. Levels and sub-cellular distribution of physiologically important metal ions in neuronal cells cultured from chick embryo cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res 13 1163-1167. 

The neurotoxic activity of HK seems to be well ascertained [93-95]. In fact, the substance showed neurotoxic properties when added to neuronal cell cultures [91] and provoked seizures when injected intracerebroven-tricularly [93]. As a significant and substantial increase of HK concentrations in brain samples taken post mortem from Huntington s disease patients was observed, a metabolic disorder of tryptophan degradation was associated with the disease. This disorder seems to be relatively specific to Huntington s disease, and normal levels of HK were found under the same conditions in Alzheimer s disease patients. 

IGF II synthesis in the CNS is largely restricted to the choroid plexus and the leptomeninges, with higher levels in the fetus (Hynes et al., 1988). IGF II immunoreactivity is found in the cerebrospinal fluid, the anterior pituitary and hypothalamic regions (Haselbacher et al., 1985). IGF II mRNA is present in glial, but not in neuronal cell cultures (Rotwein et al., 1988). 

Regardless of the ultimate cause of neurodegeneration, therefore, ALC appears to attenuate impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism in vitro and in neuronal cell cultures, and may support regenerative processes in neurons via growth factor biochemistry. 

Ray R, Boucher LJ, Broomfield CA, Lenz DE. Specific soman-hydrolyzing enzyme activity in a clonal neuronal cell culture. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 967 373-381. 

The use of isolated neurons from insect CNS for electrophysiological studies is a suitable tool to investigate the MoA of new insecticidal compounds that act on a range of neuronal target sites. Therefore, primary neuronal cell cultures from Hdiothis virescens larvae, one of the most important lepidopteran pest species, is one of these suitable tools. 

Ray B, Bisht S, Maitra A, Maitra A, Lahiri DK. Neuroprotective and neurorescue effects of a novel polymeric nanoparticle formulation of curcumin (NanoCurcT ) in the neuronal cell culture and animal model Implications for Alzheimer s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011 23(l) 61-77. 

Branch DW, Wheeler BC, Brewer GJ, Leckband DE (2(X)1) Long-term stability of grafted polyethylene glycol surfaces for use with microstamped substrates in neuronal cell culture. Biomaterials 22 1035... 

The self-assembled amyloid fibrils exhibit distinct morphologies, often characterized as twisted or parallel assemblies of finer filaments in TEM images (Fig. 2c). The morphology of Ap (1-40) depends subtly on synthetic conditions, showing significantly different toxicities in neuronal cell cultures [32]. This shows that the structures of amyloid fibrils are not determined solely by the amino acid sequence. However, the sequence of the peptides is important as it controls the formation of the basic structural motifs. Because Ap (1-42) has a different sequence, the structure shows different features from Ap (1-40). Ap (1-42) also can be synthesized and form fibrils in vitro with slightly different conditions from that of Ap (1-40) and the structural information can be analyzed by the ssNMR as weU. Unlike Ap (1-40), it has been revealed that residues 1-17 are disordered and residues 18-26 and 31—42 form two intermolecular p-sheets in Ap (1-42) [33]. 

C.A. Brayfield, K.G. Marra, J.P. Leonard, X. Tracy Cui, J.C. Ger-lach, Exdmer laser channel creation in polyethersulfone hollow fibers for compartmentahzed in vitro neuronal cell culture scaffolds, Acta Biomater. 4 (2008) 244—255. 

Sonnino, S., Chigorno, V. (2000) Ganghoside molecular species containing C18- and C20-sphingosine in mamma-han nervous tissues and neuronal cell cultures. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1469,63-77. 

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