Related compounds from

Considerable interest arose during the 1970 s and 1980 s in the use of micro-organisms to produce useful fatty adds and related compounds from hydrocarbons derived from the petroleum industry. During this period, a large number of patents were granted in Europe, USA and Japan protecting processes leading to the production of alkanols, alkyl oxides, ketones, alkanoic adds, alkane dioic acids and surfactants from hydrocarbons. Many of these processes involved the use of bacteria and yeasts associated with hydrocarbon catabolism. 

The antioxidant property of ferulic acid and related compounds from rice bran was reported by Kikuzaki et al, (2002). Their results indicated that these compounds elicit their antioxidant function through radical scavenging activity and their affinity with lipid substrates. Another recent study reported by Butterfield et al, (2002) demonstrated that ferulic acid offers antioxidant protection against hydroxyl and peroxyl radical oxidation in synaptosomal and neuronal cell culture systems in vitro. The effect of ferulic acid on blood pressure (BP) was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). After oral administration of ferulic acid the systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased in a dose-dependent manner. There was a significant correlation between plasma ferulic acid and changes in the SBP of the tail artery, suggesting... 

Eaton RW, PJ Chapman (1995) Eormation of indigo and related compounds from indolecarboxylic acids by aromatic acid-degrading bacteria chromogenic reactions for cloning genes encoding dioxygenases that act on aromatic acids. J Bacteriol 177 6983-6988. 

Examples of PLC with autoradiography detection include the published studies on labeling of l- H-PAF-aceter [25] diazinon and related compounds from plant material [26] metabolic fate of triamcinolone acetonide in laboratory animals [27] synthesis of 4-S-cysteaminyl-[U- " C]phenol antimelanoma agent [28] radiolabeled... 

Glorius and colleagues [304] described a useful Cu -catalyzed preparation of 2-phenyl benzoxazoles 6/4-97 and related compounds from 1,2-dihaloaromatic substrates 6/4-95 and benzamide 6/4-96 (Scheme 6/4.23). 

Gerwick WH, Bernart MW (1992) Eicosanoids and related compounds from marine algae. In Attaway DH, Zaborsky OR (eds) Marine biotechnology, vol I Pharmaceutical and bioactive natural products. Plenum, New York, p 101... 

Fig. 3.1 The dependence of energies of conformations of model nitronates and related compounds from the value of rotation about the N-O bond (dihedral angle O3)...

Fig. 18 Pederin and related compounds from Paederus beetles...

Pardanani JH, McLaughlin JL, Kondrat RW, Cooks RG. (1977). Cactus alkaloids XXXVI. Mescaline and related compounds from Trichocereus peruvianus. Lloydia. 40(6) 585-90. 

The Isolation of a few Interesting and presumably related compounds from similar ethylenedlamlne (en) solutions has been described more recently, e.g., NaijSng 7en and Na3Sb-7 4en... 

Newman DJ, Cragg GM. (2004) Advanced preclinical and clinical trials of natural products and related compounds from marine sources. Curr Med Chem, 11 1693-1713. 

Syntheses of xanthines, uracUs and related compounds from the corresponding a-hninooxime derivatives were described For example, oxime ester 134 in refluxing ethanol afforded theophyllin 135 in good yield (equation 59) . ... 

J. Y. C. Chan, L. Hough, and A. C. Richardson, Chiral synthesis of (R)-spirobi-l,4-dioxan and related compounds from D-fructose, /. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. (1982) 1151-1152. 

Ohmoto, T., T. Nikaido, K. Nakadai, and E. Tohyama. Triterpenoids and the related compounds from Gardenia. VII. Yakugaku Zasshi 1970 90 390. Ortani, T. Nitrogen metabolism in crop plants. IX. Identification of (DL)-ascorbic acid in the immature seeds of several species of Gramineae. Nippon Sakumotsu Gakkai Kiji 1971 40(1) 34-39. 

ZO077 Kikuzaki, H., S. M. Tsai, and N. Nakatani. Gingerdiol related compounds from the rhizomes of Zingiber... 

Anam, E.M., 6" "-Hydroxybenzyldiuvaretins and related compounds from Xylopia africana (Bentb.) Oliver, Indian J. Chem., 32B, 1051, 1993. 

Ali, S, Singh, P, Thomson, R H. Naturally occurring quinones.Part 28.Sesquiterpe-noid quinones and related compounds from Hibiscus tiliaceus.J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1. (1980)., 1980, 257-259. 

Eurther work on the isolation of related compounds from mammalian sources, which spanned several decades, led to the identification of a large group of structurally related substances. Investigations on their biosynthesis made it evident that aU eventually arise from the oxidation of the endogenous substance, arachidonic acid. The individual products induce a variety of very potent biological responses, with inflammation predominating. Arachidonic acid, once freed from lipids by the enzyme phospholipase A2, can enter one of two branches of the arachidonic acid... 

Laurepinnacin (23) and isolaurepinnacin (24) are acetylenic cyclic ethers from the red alga Laurencia pinnata Yamada that demonstrate insecticidal activity.47 Z-laureatin (25), Z-isolau-reatin (26), and deoxyprepacifenol (27) are other related compounds from the red alga... 

Leaver, A. G., Shuttleworth, C. A. Studies on the peptides, free amino acids and certain related compounds from ox bone. Arch, oral Biol. 13, 509 (1968)... 

The thiazoline and thiazole rings are present in many cyclic peptides isolated from marine organisms. Most of these types of compound have been isolated from tunicates belonging to the Lissoclinum and Didemnum genus, from sponges of the genus Theonella, and from the sea hare mollusc Dolabella auricularia. The isolation of closely related compounds from cyanobacteria pointed out the symbiont origin of these metabolites. 

Y Pico, JC Molto, J Manes, G Font. Solid phase techniques in the extraction of pesticides and related compounds from foods and soil. J Microcol Sep 6 331-359, 1994. 

In the course of preparing cocrystals of nitroaniline dimers and of related compounds from solution we observed that large high-quality cocrystals often form even when one or both of the component molecules give poor crystals by themselves. This observation... 

Michael addition.1 This ketene silyl acetal undergoes Michael addition to a,fl-enones in acetonitrile in the absence of a Lewis acid to afford the corresponding O-silylated Michael adduct in high yield. These O-silyl enolates undergo site-specific electrophilic substitution. This sequence was used for vicinal dialkylation of cyclohexanone (equation I) and of cyclopentanone. It is particularly useful for synthesis of methyl jasmonate and related compounds from cyclopentenone. 

Musman M, Tanaka J, Higa T (2001) New Sesquiterpene Carbonimidic Dichlorides and Related Compounds from the Sponge Stylotella aurantium. J Nat Prod 64 111... 

Hatanaka S, Furukawa J, Aoki T, Akatsuka H, Nagasawa E (1994) (2S)-2-Amino-5-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-hexenoic Acid, a New Chloroamino Acid, and Related Compounds from Amanita gymnopus. My coscience 35 391... 

Newman DJ, Cragg GM (2004) Advanced Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Natural Products and Related Compounds from Marine Sources. Curr Med Chem 11 1693... 

It may not be possible to detect GHB and related compounds with common urine or serum (body fluid) tests. In cases where an unused portion of the drug cannot be recovered, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (a high-technology instrument that separates a chemical mixture and identifies its composition) can be used to detect GHB and related compounds from a sample of serum, plasma, blood, or urine. 

Following the identification of 1, a survey of structurally related compounds from the company collection led to the identification of compound 15 (Figure 11.12). Binding of this compound to BACE could be detected by NMR spectroscopy, but could not be quantitated by SPR spectroscopy. Although the affinity was very weak, the compound was of interest because the nonaromatic nature of the heterocycle made the overall structure significantly different from that of the isocytosines. Despite the weak affinity, it could be crystallized... 

Estimates of daily exposure to benzene from urban or suburban air range from 180 to 1300 /ig/person/day.1112 Urban air concentrations of the other aromatic hydrocarbons are similar to those of benzene and the vast majority of exposure of the general population to these other aromatic hydrocarbons will be due to road transport or solvent-containing products rather than food. A 1995 survey of these compounds in samples from the UK Total Diet Study showed that average dietary exposures to benzene and related compounds from food in the UK are low, and very much lower than estimated exposure from active smoking of tobacco or intakes from air by urban dwellers.13 The mean dietary exposure to benzene was estimated to be in the range 0.9-2.4 /ig/person/day. 

---