Post mortem

Isocyanates can be characterized using a strong absorption at 2300 — 2200 cm in the ir spectmm. The position of the absorbance is influenced by conjugation and neighboring polar groups. This method has been successfully used in both kinetic and post-mortem characterizations of many polyurethane polymers. 

Cardiac arrhythmias are an important cause of morbidity and mortality approximately 400,000 people per year die from myocardial infarctions (MI) in the United States alone. Individuals with MI exhibit some form of dysrhythmia within 48 h. Post-mortem examinations of MI victims indicate that many die in spite of the fact that the mass of ventricular muscle deprived of its blood supply is often quite small. These data suggest that the cause of death is ventricular fibrillation and that the immediate availability of a safe and efficacious antiarrhythmic agent could have prolonged a number of Hves. The goals of antiarrhythmic therapy are to reduce the incidence of sudden death and to alleviate the symptoms of arrhythmias, such as palpitations and syncope. Several excellent reviews of the mechanisms of arrhythmias and the pharmacology of antiarrhythmic agents have been pubflshed (1,2). 

The specimens analyzed are the punctures of human liver. This provides the life-time investigation of elemental metabolism in liver of patient. This is very important aspect, because the information obtained from autopsy is distorted because of fast processes in the liver post mortem. 

Delayed measurements, such as photographs (Swift, 1990 Isbell, 1990) of debris clouds and even post-mortem examinations, contribute less directly to... 

The diagnostics applied to shock experiments can be characterized as either prompt or delayed. Prompt instrumentation measures shock velocity, particle velocity, stress history, or temperature during the initial few shock transits of the specimen, and leads to the basic equation of state information on the specimen material. Delayed instrumentation includes optical photography and flash X-rays of shock-compression events, as well as post-mortem examinations of shock-produced craters and soft-recovered debris material. 

Pharmacology. Lycorine was first examined by Morishima wl found it relatively non-toxic to mammals. Given per os or subcutaneous, to the dog or cat, it causes, in small doses, salivation and in large dos vomiting and diarrhoea. It has no special effect on the blood pressure death seems to be due to a generalised collapse. Post mortem —hyper m and ecchymoses in the stomach, intestine, pulmonary pleura and end... 

Failure analysis statistics have consistently shown that many machinery components failures can be directly attributed the equipment being operated outside of design parameters or unintended conditions. Most failure analysis and trouble-shooting activities are usually post-mortem and commence after installation and start-up of the equipment. The maintenance phase is now in motion, and failure analysis and trouble-shooting is now an integral part of that phase. 

Histopathological examination (up to 40 different tissues were post-mortem and examined for abnormality). 

Forskal, P. (1775). Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal, Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten niebuhr ed. Hauniae. 

The aim of evaluation is to gather data for both measuring the effectiveness of an initiative and making future adjustments on the basis of fhe evaluafion results. The key issue here is that the evaluation should not be a static post-mortem report, but should be a d)mamic set of recommendations and actions to enhance the program further and build on the success of mentoring in the organization. 

DeNiro, M.J. 1985 Post-mortem preservation and alteration of in vivo bone collagen isotope ratios in relation to palaeodietary reconstruction Nature 317 806-809. 

Figure 7.3. The upper ponion is a montage of photomicrographs of a typical Snake Hill femoral cortex, running from the periosteal (left) to the endosteal (right) surfaces. A dashed line connects the post-mortem crack seen on the gross specimen to the magnified crack in the montage. Letters mark the commonly observed layers A = very thin, well preserved periosteal layer B = cloudy, poorly preserved structures C = relatively well preserved midcortical bone D = poorly preserved endosteal layer. Preservation" in this context refers to visibility of histological structures.

Bell, L.S., Skinner, M.F., Jones, S.J. (1996). The speed of post mortem change to the human skeleton and its taphonomic significance. Forensic Science International, Vol. 82, pp. 129-140. 

Walker, C.H. and Jefferies, D.J. (1978). The post mortem reductive dechlorination of p,p -DDT in avian tissues. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 9, 203-210. 

It was shown by immunohistochemistry on post-mortem sections, that CXCR2 was expressed in neurons of various regions of the human adult nervous system including the hippocampus, cerebellum, pontine nuclei and spinal cord. The labeling... 

Jaramillo A, Gongora-Rivera F, Labreuche J, Hauw JJ, Amarenco R Predictors for malignant middle cerebral artery infarctions a post-mortem analysis. Neurology 2006 66(6) 815-820. 

Several studies of tissue distribution in humans after inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene report levels in the blood (Astrand and Ovrum 1976 Monster et al. 1976 Muller et al. 1974). Once in the bloodstream, trichloroethylene may be transported rapidly to various tissues where it will likely be metabolized. Trichloroethylene was detected in the blood of babies at birth after the mothers had received trichloroethylene anesthesia (Laham 1970), and detectable levels (concentrations not reported) have been found in the breast milk of mothers living in urban areas (Pellizzari et al. 1982). Post-mortem analyses of human tissue from persons with unspecified exposure revealed detectable levels of trichloroethylene (<1-32 pg/kg wet tissue) in most organs (McConnell et al. 1975). The relative proportions varied among individuals, but the major sites of distribution appeared to be body fat and the liver. 

Correlations of exposure with other measures of body burden are often difficult and their results are consequently less conclusive. For example, trichloroethylene was present at unspecified levels in eight of eight samples of mother s milk from four urban areas in the United States (Pellizzari et al. 1982). Whole-blood specimens from 121 men and 129 women with no known exposure to trichloroethylene had levels from nondetectable to 1.5 ppb (Antoine et al. 1986). Post-mortem analyses of human tissue revealed body fat... 

Since these neurons form the dopaminergic nigrostriatial tract (Fig. 7.1) it is not surprising that PD patients also show a loss of striatal DA. This was first detected in post-mortem studies in 1960 by Hornykiewicz and numerous studies since have shown that not only is PD associated with and presumably caused by a loss of striatal DA, but at death that loss actually reaches more than 80%. Within the striatum DA loss is greater in the putamen which has predominantly motor links with the cortex than in the caudate mucleus with its connections to cortical association areas. 

There is some loss (40-60%) of DA in the nucleus accumbens of the mesolimbic system in the ventral tegmentum (AlO) and cortex at post-mortem but nowhere is it as marked as in the striatum. Some loss of NA, 5-HT, CCK and the enkephalins and of the markers GAD and ChAT (for GABA and ACh) have been reported in the striatum, SN and other areas but these rarely exceed 50% and could be secondary to DA loss. 

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