Neurotoxic activity

Roy S, Wang J, Kelschenbach J, Koodie L, Martin J (2006) Modulation of immune function by morphine imphcations for the susceptability to infection. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 1 77-89 Sabatier JM, Vives E, Marbrouk K, Benjouad A, Rochat H, Duval A, Hue B, Bahraoui E (1991) Evidence for neurotoxic activity of tat from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 65 961-967... 

Fig. 6 Biomonitoring of pollution in the Ebro Delta with Daphnia magna and Corbicula fluminea. (a) Map of sampling sites. Site 1 is out of the figure limits, close to Amposta (see Fig. 1). (b) Assays for neurotoxic activity (ChE and CbE) and D. magna feeding). Note the different pattern for the microcrustacean (sensitive to insecticides), which show a maximal toxic (inhibitory) effect in May and June, and the mollusk (relatively resistant), (c) Oxidative stress markers. These markers showed a similar response for both species with maximal effects (activation) in May (month 5) and August (month 8). Data from [43] and [44], Dm and Cf identify markers from D. magna and C. fluminea, respectively...

ODAB - nonprotein amino acid that targets glutamate receptor sites (neurotoxic activity)... 

ACA has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probably carcinogenic to humans. It has a carcinogenic potency in rats similar to that of other carcinogens in food. Furthermore, ACA has neurotoxic activity and may induce heritable damage. 

Triticum gliadin Triticum aestimm (wheat) neurotoxic] Activates AC... 

Jamaicamides A, B, and G exhibited cytotoxidty to both the H-460 human lung carcinoma and neuro-2a mouse neuroblastoma cell lines. The LG50S were approximately 15 p,M for all three compounds to both cell lines. All three compounds also exhibited sodium charmel-blocking activity at 5 p,M concentration. In the goldfish toxicity assay, a system that has been useful for the detedion of neurotoxic activity in cmde extrads as well as purified compounds, jamaicamide B was the most active (100 % lethality at 5 ppm after 90 min), followed by jamaicamide G (100 % lethality at... 

Table 21 Anticonvulsant and neurotoxic activities of 1,2,4-triazoles in mice...

Prepare a culture of a C2 toxin-producing strain of C botulinum it is preferable to use strains, that do not produce botulinum neurotoxin, because the neurotoxin interferes the determination of toxicity of C2 toxin. Otherwise, use anti-neurotoxin serum to neutralize the neurotoxic activity. 

Leukocyte-derived cytokines like IL-4119 have been found to protect the cocultured neurons from the neurotoxic activity of brain microglia. Although these experiments are performed with nonretinal microglia, they allow a certain degree of extrapolation as to their possible use as inhibiting cytokines for blocking retinal... 

Engelhart, D.A. "Part I. Metabolic Activation of Cyclic Tertiary Amines. Part II. Neurotoxic Activation of -.-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)." Ph.D. thesis. Case Western Reserve University, 1994. 

In the remaining part of this review we will concentrate on the neurotoxic activity of aberrant PrP conformers and the neuroprotective capacity of the natively folded cellular prion protein PrPc. Interestingly, both activities seem to be interconnected. 

From a comparison of the primary structure of the neurotoxins, Karlsson (11) and Ryden et al. (12) observed that certain invariant amino acid positions in the structural chain are important for the general folding of the molecule, while others are important for the neurotoxic activity. The former are called structurally invariant residues, whereas the later are called functionally invariant residues. 

A recently published article did not confirm the neurotoxic effect of PrP106-126 and indicated that the possible source of the neurotoxic activity could be an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) contaminant (Kunz et al, 1999). In this regard, it is noteworthy that the neurotoxicity of PrP106-126 has been successfully replicated in many laboratories throughout the world. Furthermore, PrP 106-126 was obtained from several different sources, both industrial and academic, and the possibility that a chemical contaminant with similar properties was systematically and exclusively associated with PrP106-126 is unrealistic (Forloni et al, 2000). 

The neurotoxic activity of HK seems to be well ascertained [93-95]. In fact, the substance showed neurotoxic properties when added to neuronal cell cultures [91] and provoked seizures when injected intracerebroven-tricularly [93]. As a significant and substantial increase of HK concentrations in brain samples taken post mortem from Huntington s disease patients was observed, a metabolic disorder of tryptophan degradation was associated with the disease. This disorder seems to be relatively specific to Huntington s disease, and normal levels of HK were found under the same conditions in Alzheimer s disease patients. 

Pharmacology insecticidal (Takemoto, Yakugaku Zasshi 33 252,1961) neurotoxic activity like ibotenic acid (Shinozaki, Brain Research 24 368,1970) Legal Status not controlled... 

G. have neurotoxic activity - similar to batrachotox-ins - through hyperpolarization of sodium ion channels in neurons. 

Neurotoxically active cucurbitacin derivatives from the poisonous Japanese agaric Hebeloma vinosophyl-lum (Basidiomycetes). An example is hebevinoside H C45H72O14, Mr 837.06, amorphous, [aJu +30 (acetone), a diglycoside of cucuibita-5,24-diene-3/3,7/S,16/5-triol. 

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