Nephritic syndrome

The separation of proteins and peptides mixtures is the objective of protein biochemisdy. Albumin (Mr 66 000) concentration in a biological fluid (seaim, urine or cerebrbrospinal fluid) is assayed as markers for a series disease, such as nephritic syndrome or chronic glomuleronephritis. In diabetic patients the progression of microalbuminuria is accompanied by an increase in urinary concentrations of human semm albumen. In normal the excretion of albumin is 20 (tg/ml, in pathology - 20-200 p.g/ml. 

Genitourinary Renal papillary necrosis, hematuria, hyposthenuria, proteinuria, nephritic syndrome, tubular dysfunction,... 

Leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin s disease, or multiple myeloma / Generalized malignancy / Chronic renal failure of nephritic syndrome / Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy / Organ or bone marrow transplant recipients... 

Gold toxicity is the primary serious reaction. Signs and symptoms of gold toxicity include decreased Hgb, leukopenia (WBC count less than 4000/mm ), reduced granulocyte counts (less than 150,000/mm ), proteinuria, hematuria, stomatitis (sores, ulcers, and white spots in the mouth and throat), blood dyscrasias (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and eosinophilia), glomerulonephritis, nephritic syndrome, and cholestatic jaundice. 

The serious adverse effects associated with bevacizumab include GI perforation, hemorrhage, hypertension, complications in wound healing, nephritic syndrome, congestive heart failure and arterial thromboembolic events. Patients receiving bevacizumab commonly experience pain, asthenia, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, upper respiratory infection and exfoliative dermatitis. 

Dogra GK, Hermann S, Irish AB, Thomas MAB, Watts GF. Insulin resistance, dysli-pidaemia, inflammation and endothelial function in nephritic syndrome. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002, 17, 2220-2225. 

Soon after the discovery of aldosterone, it became apparent that its excessive production played an important role in the physiopathology of a variety of disorders, such as Cohn s syndrome, congestive heart failure, and nephritic syndrome [3]. It therefore seemed valuable to develop compounds with aldosterone-antagonist properties. This approach had its beginning in the work of Landau et al [4],... 

Although Usinopril in association with indometacin reduced proteinuria in a small group of patients with nephritic syndrome, the combination also caused impairment of renal function and hyperkalemia in many patients (SEDA-16,109). 

Mizoribine is mostly well tolerated when it is used to treat different renal diseases, such as vasculitis, lupus nephritis, or nephritic syndrome (1-3). However, hemorrhagic enteritis and erosive changes in the intestinal mucosa have been found in dogs, and similar adverse effects have been reported in humans (4). 

Vaamaonde CA, Flunt FR.The nephritic syndrome as a complication of gold therapy. Arthritis Rheum 1970 13 826-834. 

Weiss AS, Markenson JA, Weiss MS, Kammerer WEI. Toxicity of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. A report of 63 patients including two with aplastic anemia and one with the nephritic syndrome. Am J Med 1978 64 114-120. 

Eyons H, PinnVW,Cortell S, Cohen JJ, Harrington JT. Allergic interstitial nephritis causing reversible renal failure in four patients with idiopathic nephritic syndrome. N EnglJ Med 1973 288(3) 124-128. 

Interferon Proteinuria in up to 5 to 20% patients Rarely nephritic syndrome or/and acute renal failure (acute interstitial nephrotoxicity and minimal change nephropathy ... 

Sakarcan A, Thomas DB, O Reilly KP, Richards RW Lithium-induced nephritic syndrome in a young pediatric patient. Pediatr Nephrol. 2002 17 290-2. 

Wood IK, Parmelee DX, Foreman JW Lithium-induced nephritic syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1989 146 84... 

In an environmental epidemiological study from the UK [127] calculated airborne exposure to mercury and mortality in Nephritis, nephritic syndrome and nephrosis have been significantly associated. However, as most individuals in the UK and other developed countries have access to Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) nowadays and die from mostly other causes than nephritis and nephritic syndrome, the associations seen between modeled air levels of mercury and mortality in kidney disease should be regarded as suggestive at the most. 

Treatment of edema associated with CHF, chronic renal failure, including nephritic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, acute pulmonary edema. Treats hypertension, either alone or in combination with other antihypertensives. Treatment of hypercalcemia. Half-life 30-90 minutes Onset PO 30-60 minutes IM —IV 5 minutes Peaks Duration 1-2 hours 6-8 hours 30 minutes — 20-60 2 hours minutes... 

Patients with glomerular disease may present with a nephritic or a nephrotic syndrome (Table 47-3). Nephritic syndrome reflects glomerular inflammation and frequently results in hematuria. White... 

Primary peritonitis in adults occurs most commonly in association with alcoholic cirrhosis, especially in its end stage, or with ascites caused by postnecrotic cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, acute viral hepatitis, congestive heart failure, malignancy, systemic lupus erythematosus, or nephritic syndrome. It also may result from the use of a peritoneal catheter for dialysis or central nervous system ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus. Rarely, primary peritonitis occurs without apparent underlying disease. 

Nephrotic syndrome characteristic of excretion of protein in urine in excess of 2.5 g per day is not present in most patients with glomerulonephritis. These patients may present with a reduced glomerular filtration rate and varying degrees of proteinuria with or without hematuria, a condition referred to as the nephritic syndrome. Patients with nephritic syndrome may recover or worsen with chronic renal failure. 

Chronic use may cause nephritis, nephritic syndrome, acute failure (via 4 formation of PGEj and PGI2, which normally maintain GFR and RBF)—does not occur with sulindac. 

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