Natural gasoline, petroleum refining

EXPOSURE ROUTES most probably is occupational exposure dermal contact inhalation natural fires petroleum refining coal tar distillation combustion of wood, coal, oil, propane, gasoline, and diesel fuels industrial effluents municipal wastewater treatment facilities waste incinerators smoked and barbecued foods contaminated drinking water supplies recreation activities at contaminated waterways... 

Process Stream Separations. Differences in adsorptivity between gases provides a means for separating components in industrial process gas streams. Activated carbon in fixed beds has been used to separate aromatic compounds from lighter vapors in petroleum refining process streams (105) and to recover gasoline components from natural and manufactured gas (106,107). 

Note Bhp values based on 75% overall efficiency. This is not exact, as efficiency changes with specific system conditions. (Plotted from data of Boteler, H. W. Natural Gasoline Supply Men s Engr. Data Book, 7 Ed., p. 40, 1957 and Huff, R. L. Petroleum Refiner, p. Ill, Feb. 1959.)... 

Petroleum refining establishments produce gasoline, fuel oils, lubricants and other products from crude petroleum. Related industries include production of asphalt and tar mixtures for paving and roofing applications coke, fuel briquette, powdered and packaged fuel production, and scrubbing and distribution of natural gas. 

The constituents of liquefied petroleum gas [propane (CH3CH2CH3) and/or butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3)] occur as constituents of wet natural gas or crude oil or as a by-product from refining. For example, a natural gasoline plant treats raw wet natural gas through absorption by washing with gas oil and fractionating out the usable traction. 

Refiner Natural Gasoline Mfr., 17,557-67 (1938). Hydrocarbons in the Lubricant Fraction of Petroleum. 

Hydrocarbons enter the atmosphere from both natural sources and human activities. Certain natural hydrocarbons are produced in large quantities by both coniferous and deciduous trees. Methane gas (CH ) is produced by such diverse sources as rice growing, ruminant animals such as cows, termites, ants, and decay-causing bacteria acting on dead plants and animals. Human activities such as the use of industrial solvents, petroleum refining and distribution, and the release of unburned gasoline and diesel fuel components account for a lai e amount of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. 

The two most important natural sources of alkanes are petroleum and natural gas. Petroleum is a complex liquid mixture of organic compounds, many of which are alkanes or cycloalkanes. For more details about how petroleum is refined to obtain gasoline, fuel oil, and other useful substances, read A Word about Petroleum, Gasoline, and Octane Number on pages 102-103. 

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