Coal, transportation

The usual means of transporting coal are railroad, barge, tmck, conveyer belt from mine to plant, and slurry pipelines (2,4) (see Transportation). In 1988 769 X 10 t of coal was transported to United States destinations of this, 57.5% was shipped by railroad, 16.0% by barge, 12.3% by tmck, and 14.2% by conveyer, slurry pipeline, and other methods (2). Electric utihties consumed 85.83% of the coal transported in the United States in 1988 (2). 

See also Coal, Production of Coal, Transportation and Storage of Environmental Problems and Energy Use Fossil Fuels. 

PHB Hagler Bailly, Itic., Washington, DC Coal, Transportation and Storage of (with Jamie N. Heller)... 

Ptilverizers The pulverizer is the heart of any solid-fuel suspension-firing system. Air is used to dry the coal, transport it through the pulverizer, classify it, and transport it to the burner, where the transport air provides part of the air for combustion. The pulverizers themselves... 

E. Jacques and J.G. Montfort, Coal transportation by slurry pipeline, in Considine (Ed.), Energy Technology Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977, pp. 1.178-1.187. 

As follows from Figure 4, for coarse coal transport the power consumption of slurry pipelining reaches from 300 % to 100 % higher values than that in case of hydraulic capsule pipeline transport. The energy reduction increases with reduction of the operational velocity. 

Coal Transportation Export Power Generation Coal Liquefaction... 

If there is a petroleum shortage in the future the problem will be to provide a portion of the demand for transportation fuels from coal. Transportation fuels—jet, diesel, and gasoline—are distillates boiling below 650°F. However, the quantity of such distillates in primary coal liquids is small. 

Most bulk coal transportation is by rail, with trucks used for local transport. For reasons of economics, most of the world s coal consumption is in power plants located nearby coal mines, which minimizes the necessity for long-distance transportation. More than 60 percent of the coal used for power generation worldwide is consumed within 50 km of the mine site. In the United States, the average distance that coal is shipped by rail is farther, at about 800 miles. That distance has increased in recent years owing to the move toward greater use of coals with lower sulfur content (found mainly in the West) to meet sulfur oxide emissions standards in plants located mainly in the South and the East. As coal is currently shipped over great distances in the United States,... 

At present EPON is studying the feeding of wood particles directly into the pulverised coal transport lines after the pulverisers, since the injection with the separate wood burners was subject to some problems, such as the occurrence of large pieces of unbumed wood in the bottom ash. The first experiences with this method of feeding observed no negative implications. Recently, the power plant applied for a permit to expand the wood co-combustion activities from 3 to 10 per cent of the coal input, to be done with the direct feeding of pulverised wood into the pulverised coal transport lines. 

Unlike coal slurry fuels, which are utilized in a fluid form, coal transported by pipeline is used as a solid after dewatering. As a result, it does not need to be stable when stored in tanks, and it is not so critical that its solid loading be maximized. The following variables are important for a pipeline system ... 

So according to national situation of coal reserve distribution and consumption, it is necessary to construct the five national comprehensive energy bases, such as Shanxi, Erdos Basin, East region of Inner Mongolia, Southwest region and Xinjiang so as to improve the transportation capacity of railway, to decrease the cost of coal transportation. 

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