Hydroskimming refinery

A hydroskimming refinery lends itself to locations where the market demands for the major fuel products (gasoline, gas oil, and residual fuel oil) approximate the quantities of these products obtainable by distillation from the available crudes. A typical hydroskimming refinery would include the following ... 

Figure 1 shows a simplified flow plan for a typical hydroskimming refinery. The atmospheric pipestill performs the initial distillation of crude oil into gas, naphtha, distillates, and residuum. The naphtha may be separated into gasoline blending stock, solvents, and Powerformer feed. The distillates include kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil and diesel oil. The residuum is blended for use as bunker fuel oil. 

Installation of more conversion equipment both in new refinery construction and as additions to existing hydroskimming facilities is already a trend. The production of more naphtha by providing new conversion units would, of course, make the additional naphtha more costly. In this connection a number of studies both our own and others (4) have attempted to determine the cost of incremental naphtha production. These indicate that in typically sized European hydroskimming refinery (operating on either Libyan or Arabian crudes) gasoline plus petrochemical naphtha yields can be increased by about 50% by installation of catalytic cracking. Based on today s prices for the other refinery products, the cost... 

Legislation usually concerns only the phenols in the first category, for which quite low limits are required, i.e. 0.2 to 2 mg-l (in France 0.5 for hydroskimming refineries and 1 far complex refineries). 

Hydroskimming refinery Simple refinery with cracking j or complex refinery... 

General oily and accidentally oily effluents, whose pollution is mainly due to HC in different states and to a generally low BOD5 (hydroskimming refineries). They warrant purification in two or three stages physical, physicochemical and biological. 

Construction of complete treatment systems, which increasingly include a tertiary stage, sometimes stretches out over several decades. As a result, the authors have decided to discuss the treatment set up in five chosen French plants. The examples illustrate a growing degree of complexity from simple hydroskimming refineries up to petrochemical complexes. 

For refinery WW, mean BOD5 less than or equal to 30 mgd for a hydroskimming plant, or less than or equal to 40 mg-l for a complex refinery,... 

For refinery WW, COD less than or equal to 120 mg4 for a hydroskimming plant or, 150 mg-H for a complex refinery or one that has a catalytic cracker. 

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