Petroleum spirits

Petroleum is the mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons (although the term is often restricted to the non-gases) derived from chemical reactions on prehistoric animal and vegetable matter which occurs as reservoirs in sedimentary rocks from which it is extracted. Petroleum (8002-05-9) syn. crude oil or petroleum oil also contains inorganics such as compounds of sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, metals, etc. 

Natural gas (8006-14-2) is the gaseous component of petroleum. It is mostly methane with some ethane and smaller quantities of propane, butane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen, helium, and other gases. It is distributed in commerce as compressed or liquefied natural gas (LNG) for fuel and other purposes. 

Crude oil is processed in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming, alkylation, polymerization, and other methods to generate gases, distillates, residuum, and sludges from which an enormous number of petroleum products 

The author was unable to find a reference for why an oil well sampling device might be charged with a compressed or liquefied gas. 

In addition to natural gas a number of gases are associated with petroleum  

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COP 6 Plastic containers with nominal capacities up to 5 litres for petroleum spirit. Requirements for... 

Regulates the use, transport or storage of petroleum spirit and - as extended by other legislation - mixtures, e.g. adhesives, thmners or lacquers containing petroleum, and non-petroleum based solvents with a flash point <73°F. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Naphtha Petroleum spirits Chemical Formula Not applicable. Observable Cbaracteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Like gasoline. 

Two distinct bodies were thus obtained, which, on hydrolysis yielded the corresponding menthols, of which one is inactive menthol (melting-point 34° C. boiling-point, 16 mm., 103° to 105° C. acid phthalic ester, melting-point 129° to 131° C.), the other, neomenthol crystallising from petroleum spirit in prismatic tables melting at 51° C. boiling-point,... 

Petroleum-ither, m. petroleum ether, -be-hillter, m. petroleum container, petroleum tank, -benzin, n. petroleum spirit gasoline, petrol, -brunnen, m. oil well, -dampf, m. petroleum vapor. -destUlationsgef, n. petroleum still, -essenz,/. petroleum spirit, -geruch, m. petroleum odor. 

Reagents. Copper ion solution, 0.04M. Wash analytical grade copper with petroleum spirit (b.p. 40-60 °C) to remove any surface grease and dry at 100 °C. Weigh accurately about 1.25 g of the pure copper, dissolve it in 5mL of concentrated nitric acid, and dilute to 1 L in a graduated flask. Titrate this... 

The removal of organics by industrial detergent cleaners. These products employ several mechanisms, depending on the formulation, but tend to include dissolution (using nonaqueous solvents such as kerosene, petroleum spirits, and naphtha, saponification, by caustic, or emulsification by nonionic detergents. 

A variety of formulations exist for cleaning organics from burners and other fireside areas. Soot, oil, and grease removers are widely available the formulations are often very specific and can be produced in both aqueous and nonaqueous solvent bases. Nonaqueous solvents commonly include petroleum spirit, naphtha, or odorless kerosene. 

The procedure for determination of neutral oils in AOS measures petroleum spirit-extractable material from an aqueous alcoholic solution. Normally a solution of 1 1 ethanol/water is used as to dissolve the sample prior to extraction. For higher molecular weight materials 2 1 propan-2-ol/water is preferred. The petroleum ether is removed on a steambath and finally under vacuum. The amount of neutral oil is then determined gravimetrically. Due to the slight volatility of alkenes, alkanes, and alcohols, especially in the C,2 materials, the neutral oil tends to be underestimated by these procedures. 

A weighed portion of the AOS sample is dissolved in water and ethanol containing a small amount of n-decane and the mixture is shaken with petroleum spirit. The organic phase is subjected to GC using a 2 m x 10 mm packed column of 5% carbowax 20M on Chromorb T applying the following conditions ... 

For petroleum spirit, a petroleum mixture or carbon disulphide, check the road tanker for compliance with Schedule 2 Construction of Road Tankers. ... 

The tablets are then left for several hours and are transferred to the polishing pan, which is usually of cylindrical design with canvas side walls. The polish is a dilute wax solution (e.g., carnauba or beeswax in petroleum spirit) applied sparingly, following which the tablets are left to roll until a high luster is produced. They are the normally racked to allow any... 

A solvent for natural and most synthetic rubbers except nitrile. It is a petroleum spirit existing in five isomeric forms normal hexane has a boiling point of 69 °C. 

The submitters used pentane " petroleum spirit (b.p. 25-40°) available from Hopkin Williams Ltd., Hadwell Heath, England, and anhydrous diethyl ether available from May Baker Ltd., Dagenham, England. Both solvents were each distilled over solid potassium hydroxide before use. The checkers purchased pentane from Phillips Petroleum Company and distilled it over solid potassium hydroxide. Anhydrous diethyl ether supplied by Mallinckrodt Chemical Works was used without further purification. 

Fat includes triglycerides, sterols, lecithins (phospholipids), essential oils, fat-soluble pigments such as chlorophyll, and similar substances. The AOAC recommends that anhydrous diethyl ether kept over freshly cut sodium pieces is used for the extractant (Padmore, 1990, p. 79), but we prefer to use petroleum spirit, also called light petroleum and petroleum ether, with a boiling range of 40-60°C, as it is a less hazardous solvent. 

Samples containing >10% crude fat must be defatted before analysis with petroleum spirit (light petroleum, 40-60°C boiling range). This may be done either in a Soxhiet extractor, or in a beaker by stirring, settling and decanting three times with 30 ml petroleum spirit. Allow the fat-free sample to air-dry in a fume cupboard. 

Petroleum spirit, (light petroleum), boiling range 40-60°C... 

Procedure. Prepare a filter tube by placing in a cool muffle furnace, increase the temperature to 500°C, and maintain it for 30 min. Remove and allow to cool in a desiccator. To avoid damaging the sinter, do not allow the temperature to reach 515°C. Weigh 0.5 g of the sample, as received, but ground to 1 mm, into the crucible. At the same time, weigh a separate portion for DM and ash determination. Wash the sample in the filter tube with 3 x 25 ml portions of petroleum spirit. Suck as dry as possible under gentle vacuum and complete the removal within 10 min at 60°C in an oven specified for use with flammable solvents. 

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