Nanostructures, topic

Hirsch, A. and Vostrowsky, O. (2005) in Functional Molecular Nanostructures, Topics in Current Chemistry, vol. 245 (ed. A.D. Schliiter), Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, pp. 193-237. 

BC membranes are likewise promising nanostructured topical drug release systems for different drugs or active compounds, such as hdocaine hydrochloride, ibuprofen and caffeine, while at the same time serving as an efficient physical barrier against any external infection [76-78]. 

The formation of nanopattemed functional surfaces is a recent topic in nanotechnology. As is widely known, diblock copolymers, which consist of two different types of polymer chains cormected by a chemical bond, have a wide variety of microphase separation structures, such as spheres, cylinders, and lamellae, on the nanoscale, and are expected to be new functional materials with nanostructures. Further modification of the nanostructures is also useful for obtaining new functional materials. In addition, utilization of nanopartides of an organic dye is also a topic of interest in nanotechnology. 

Volume I includes the spectroscopic methods for nano interfaces and nanostructure characteristics and dynamics. Volume 2 groups different topics together in 3 parts active surfaces, single crystals and single biocells. 

Brust, M. and Kiely, C.J. (2002) Some recent advances in nanostructure preparation from gold and silver particles a short topical review. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and EngineeringAspects, 202 (2-3), 175-186. 

The series Structure and Bonding publishes critical reviews on topics of research concerned with chemical structure and bonding. The scope of the series spans the entire Periodic Table and addresses structure and bonding issues associated with all of the elements. It also focuses attention on new and developing areas of modem structural and theoretical chemistry such as nanostructures, molecular electronics, designed molecular solids, surfaces, metal clusters and supramolecular structures. Physical and spectroscopic techniques used to determine, examine and model structures fall within the purview of Structure and Bonding to the extent that the focus... 

The main objective of the Workshop was to bring together people working in areas of Fundamental physics relating to Quantum Field Theory, Finite Temperature Field theory and their applications to problems in particle physics, phase transitions and overlap regions with the areas of Quantum Chaos. The other important area is related to aspects of Non-Linear Dynamics which has been considered with the topic of chaology. The applications of such techniques are to mesoscopic systems, nanostructures, quantum information, particle physics and cosmology. All this forms a very rich area to review critically and then find aspects that still need careful consideration with possible new developments to find appropriate solutions. 

Characterization of the surface impurities on the catalyst is also essential, and photoreactivity data should be analyzed in terms of active and accessible surface area. The defect state of the surface and nanostructure are also important aspects to understand. Current advances in the synthesis allow preparing Titania or titanate nanorods with different diameter and aspect ratio, and different surface nanostructure as well. Limiting the discussion here to only preparations by hydrothermal treatment (for reasons of conciseness), various mechanisms of growing of the nanorods has been reported. The differences in the mechanism of formation would imply differences in the surface characteristics of the nanorods, but there is no literature available on this topic. 

Predicting the characteristic sizes and morphologies of these nanostructures has been an intense topic of investigation from both the theoretical and experimental points of view. Critical parameters are the degree of polymerization and the volume fraction of the constituent blocks, as well as the Flory-Huggins parameter between them. More complete information about microphase separated structures in bulk block copolymers can be found in the book of Hamley [2],... 

These results, even if not covering systematically all aspects related to the synthesis of nanostructured bidimensional titania films, show that significant progress has been made in the last few years on this topic. Several parameters have to be quite carefully controlled to have reproducible samples and the uniformity on a large scale (above few cm ) is still an issue. Significant progress has also been made in terms of control of the thickness and array characteristics. Less progress, has been made in the preparation of... 

In recent times the incorporation of enzymes into nanostructured materials is commonly referred to as nanobiocatalysis. Nanobiocatalysis has emerged as a rapidly growing research and development area. Lately, nanobiocatalytic approaches have evolved beyond simple enzyme immobilization strategies to include also topics like artificial enzymes and cells, nanofabrication, and nanopatterning [18]. A recent bibliometric analysis [19] of nanobiocatalysis publications shows a strong increase within the last decade (Fig. 14.1). The analysis has been compiled from... 

The contents of the current volume presents a sampling of more than 150 oral and poster papers delivered at the Symposium on Access in Nanoporous Materials II held in Banff, Alberta on May 25-28, 2000. The selected papers cover the three main themes of the symposium (i) synthesis of mesoporous silicas, framework-modified mesoporous silicas, and surface-modified mesoporous silicas, (ii) synthesis of other nanoporous and nanostructured materials, and (iii) characterization and applications of nanoporous materials. About 70% of the papers are devoted to the synthesis of siliceous mesoporous molecular sieves, their modification, characterization and applications, which represent the current research trend in nanoporous materials. The remaining contributions provide some indications on the future developments in the area of non-siliceous molecular sieves and related materials. Although the present book does not cover all topics in the area of nanoporous materials, it reflects the current trends and advances in this area, which will certainly attract the attention of materials chemists in the 21st Century. 

The photoelectrochemistry at atomically well-defined semiconductor surfaces is one of the current topics related to the nanostructuring of the semiconductor surfaces. Most studies have been made on silicon (Si) surfaces, and it is now well established that hydrogen fluoride (HF)-etched Si surfaces are terminated mainly with Si-hydrogen bonds (SiH , n = 1, 2, or 3)14-171 and that, for Si (111), successive etching with 40% ammonium fluoride (NH4F) produces atomically flat Si(l 11) surfaces, terminated mainly with monohydride (= Si-H).18-221 Alkali etching under negatively applied biases also produces similar atomically flat Si (111) surfaces.231... 

R. Valencuela, G. Bueno, A. Solbes, Nanostructured ceria-based catalysts for oxydehydrogenation of ethane with CO2, Topics Catal. 15 (2-4) (2001) 181-187. 

The present review has the following structure. In Sect. 2, the properties of amphiphilic monomers are discussed and a special classification of monomer units according to interfacial and partition properties is described. Also, the possibility of nanostructure formation in polymers composed of amphiphilic monomers is touched upon. This topic is more broadly treated in Sect. 3, where conformational properties of a key class of water-soluble polymers are... 

A final topic to be discussed in this section is the direct injection of electrons into a liquid by the use of nanowires. The difference with the discharge processes described above for the point electrodes is twofold the use of nanostructured electrodes and the generation of solvated electrons, instead of the initiation of a discharge. Solvated electrons have a very short... 

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