Smokes, particulate

Melting Zinc oxide fume, particulates, smoke good combustion controls and slag... 

Municipal and Single-chamber incinerators Particulates, smoke, volatiles, CO, SO, Afterburner, combustion controls... 

Multiple-chamber incinerators Particulates, smoke, and combustion Operating at rated capacity, using... 

Municipal and industrial incinerators Pathological incinerators Industrial waste Odors, hydrocarbons, HCl, dioxins, furans Particulates, smoke, and combustion contaminants Proper charging, acid gas scrubber, baghouse Modified fuel feed, auxiliary fuel and dryer systems, cyclones, scrubbers... 

Use of excess air levels of 5 percent or less has been shown to reduce fuel ash corrosion in furnaces, most likely by stabilizing the vanadium as a refractory suboxide, VO2 or V2O3. Utility plants have had some success using this method to control vanadium ash corrosion. However, practical application of excess air control in refinery and chemical plant operations is difficult, and has not been particularly successful. Problems with particulates, smoke, pollution, and flame control are encountered unless the necessary expensive control systems and operator attention are constantly available. 

Other issues of importance to combustor performance include soot production, pressure loss, and mechanical lifetime of the material. Too much soot in the exhaust could indicate poor combustion efficiency and unwanted particulate (smoke) emissions. For the baseline case without any inserts in the combustor, a slightly sooting flame was found. When one or two porous layers were inserted into the flame, no soot residue was found in the porous foams. It was thought... 

Industrial waste Particulates, smoke, and combustion Modified fuel feed, auxiliary fuel and... 

Lead Sintering S02, particulates, smoke Exhaust system, cyclones and bag-house or precipitators for dust and fumes, sulfuric acid plant for S02... 

Reverberatory furnaces Dust, fumes, particulates, smoke, Exhaust systems, and baghouses or... 

It is apparent from the above data that Thermofuel diesel produces significantly less particulates (smoke) at all engine loadings than conventional diesel. This is environmentally significant, as the particulates formed from diesel combustion contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which have carcinogenic potential. The hotter burning characteristic of the Thermofuel relative to conventional diesel is likely to be responsible for the better burn-out of particulates [21]. 

Diphenyl cyanoarsine has such a low vapour pressure that it must be diffused as a particulate smoke in the air, in the same way as diphenyl chloroarsine. Its behaviour to active carbon is due to this state of extreme subdivision. Layers of animal or vegetable fibres, properly treated and washed, form an efficient filter. 

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