Carbon nanotubes nanofibers

Shi, K. Y., and I. Zhitomirsky. 2013. Polypyrrole nanofiber-carbon nanotube electrodes for supercapadtors with high mass loading obtained using an organic dye as a co-dispersanL Journal of Materials Chemistry A 1 11614-11622. 

Zero-, one-, and two-dimensional CNMs have attracted the attention of researchers. These include fullerenes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The advancements in the various synthesis procedures have envisaged the preparation of various CNMs with different shapes and sizes. Nanotechnology has paved the way to utilize these nanomaterials either individually or as nanocomposites for cutting-edge applications in chemical industry, materials science, biology, medicine, and other sectors. 

As a result of the existing manufacturing techniques, a great amount of nanomaterials such as nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, SiO and nanoclay is currently available and the use of fiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposites in practical applications is continuously growing. It has been reported in the literature that nanoclays account for approximately 70% of the total volume of commercially used nanomaterials [8]. 

Nanotubes Hollow nanofibers. Carbon nanotubes consist of one or more cylindrical structures or shells, each composed of a single tubular graphitic layer. 

Kim, C., Lee, Y. H. (2003). EDLC Application of Carbon Nanofibers/Carbon Nanotubes Electrode Prepared by Electmspinning, in 203rd Meeting, Symposium Nanotubes, Nanoscale Materials, and Molecular Devices, The Electrochemical Society Paris, France. 

Additives used in finai products Fillers aluminum nitride, barium titanate, aluminum nitride, antimony trioxide, aramide fiber, attapulgite, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotubes, clay, glass fiber, graphite, molybdenum sulfide, montmorillonite, PTFE, silica, smectite, titanium oxide whisker Plasticizers diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dimethyl phthalate, triallyl phthalate, diethynyldi-phenyl methane, phenylethynyidiphenyl methane, 4-hydroxy-benzophenone Antistatics antimony-containing tin oxide, carbon black, carbon, nanotubes, indium oxide microspheres, polythiophene Release polyethylen wax, PTFE, silicone oil, zirconium chelate ... 

Carbon nanofiberA iapor grown carbon nanofiber Carbon nanotubes Fluorinated synthetic mica Graphite oxide Layered double hydroxide Montmorillonite Multiwall carbon nanotubes Organically modified montmorillonite Polymer layered-silicate/Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposite... 

Therefore, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as well as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized,18,19 functionalized (with the catalytic active metal Co), and finally... 

Serp, P, Corrias, M., and Kalck, P. 2003. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers in catalysis. Applied Catalysis A General 253 337-358. 

A wide variety of carbon materials has been used in this study, including multi-wall carbon nanotubes (sample MWNT) chemically activated multi-wall carbon nanotubes (sample A-MWNT)16, commercially available vapor grown carbon nanofibers (sample NF) sample NF after chemical activation with K.OH (sample A-NF) commercially pitch-based carbon fiber from Kureha Company (sample CF) commercially available activated carbons AX-21 from Anderson Carbon Co., Maxsorb from Kansai Coke and Chemicals and commercial activated carbon fibers from Osaka Gas Co. (A20) a series of activated carbons prepared from a Spanish anthracite (samples named K.UA) and Subituminous coal (Samples H) by chemical activation with KOH as described by D. Lozano-Castello et al.17 18 activated carbon monoliths (ACM) prepared from different starting powder activated carbons by using a proprietry polymeric binder from Waterlink Sutcliffe Carbons, following the experimental process described in the previous paper13. 

The experimental results obtained with carbon nanofibers and nanotubes fit into the tendencies obtained with the other type of carbon materials, indicating that hydrogen adsorption on these materials is also taking place by a physisorption process. 

Lee, C.-L., et al., Preparation of Pt nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibers via self-regulated reduction of surfactants and their application as electrochemical catalyst. Electrochemistry Communications, 2005. 7(4) p. 453-458. 

A wide range of nanosfructured carbons has been discovered since fhe original discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by lijima in 1991. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers are nanoscale cylinders of rolled up graphene sheets. 

Lee, K., Zhang, J., Wang, H., and Wilkinson, D. P. Progress in the synthesis of carbon nanotube- and nanofiber-supported Pt electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell catalysis. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 2006 36 507-522. 

Application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques on heterogeneous catalysis covers a wide range of solid catalysts, including supported metal particles, transition metal oxides, zeolites and carbon nanotubes and nanofibers etc. 

---