Cylindrical structure

GroEL is a cylindrical structure with a central channel in which newly synthesized polypeptides bind... 

Enzymes assist formation of proper disulfide bonds during folding Isomerization of proline residues can be a rate-limiting step in protein folding Proteins can fold or unfold inside chaperonins GroEL is a cylindrical structure with a... 

Multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) are produced by arc discharge between graphite electrodes but other carbonaceous materials are always formed simultaneously. The main by-product, nanoparticles, can be removed utilizing the difference in oxidation reaction rates between CNTs and nanoparticles [9]. Then, it was reported that CNTs can be aligned by dispersion in a polymer resin matrix [10]. However, the parameters of CNTs are uncontrollable, such as the diameter, length, chirality and so on, at present. Furthermore, although the CNTs are observed like cylinders by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), some reports have pointed out the possibility of non-cylindrical structures and the existence of defects [11-14]. 

So, despite the very small diameter of the MWCNT with respeet to the de Broglie wavelengths of the charge carriers, the cylindrical structure of the honeycomb lattice gives rise to a 2D electron gas for both weak localisation and UCF effects. Indeed, both the amplitude and the temperature dependence of the conductance fluctuations were found to be consistent with the universal conductance fluctuations models for mesoscopic 2D systems applied to the particular cylindrical structure of MWCNTs [10]. 

Brown, D. M. and Nolan, P. R, The Interaction of Shock Waves on Cylindrical Structures, Plant Operations Progress, V. 6, No. 

Internally, muscle fibers are highly organized. Each fiber contains numerous myofibrils — cylindrical structures that also lie parallel to the long axis of the muscle. The myofibrils are composed of thick filaments and thin filaments. It is the arrangement of these filaments that creates alternating light and dark bands observed microscopically along the muscle fiber. Thus, skeletal muscle is also referred to as striated muscle. 

The pathway and kinetics of the C to S transition have been studied on shear-aligned cylinders of the commercial diblock copolymer of PS and poly(ethylene-co-butylene) (KRATON G 1657 Shell Chemical Company) [143, 144], A complete dissolution of the cylindrical structure before the epitaxial... 

CUORE is a proposed tightly packed array of 988Te02 detectors, each being a cube 5 cm3 on a side with a mass of 750 g. The array consists of 19 vertical towers with 52 crystals each, arranged in a cylindrical structure as shown in the Fig. 16.6. 

X = characteristic length of structure, ft side dimension for square structure square root of plan area for rectangular structure cube root of the volume for cylindrical structure... 

The structural solution for the vast majority of OM proteins is provided in the form of the (3-strand, a secondary fold, which allows portions of the polypeptide chain to organise as a (3-barrel. In this cylindrical structure, hydro-phobic residues point outwards and hydrophilic residues are located inside, which can allow the formation of a water-filled channel [30 33]. 

The operation of a typical fractionating column may be followed by reference to Figure 11.11. The column consists of a cylindrical structure divided into sections by... 

Another complication in CNT applicability arises from the way the graphene sheet is rolled up to create the cylindrical structures, which is usually called helicity . Depending on the angle of the wrapping, three different structures (different helicities) can result (1) armchair, (2) chiral or (3) zigzag (Fig. 3.3). Such structures exhibit differ-... 

Encapsulation of different entities inside the CNT channel stands alone as an alternative noncovalent functionalization approach. Many studies on the filling of carbon nanotubes with ions or molecules focus on how the presence of these fillers affects the physical properties of the tubes. From a different point of view, confinement of materials inside the cylindrical structure could be regarded as a way to protect such materials from the external environment, with the tubes acting as a nanoreactor or a nanotransporter. It is fascinating to envision specific reactions between molecules occurring inside the aromatic cylindrical framework, tailored by CNT characteristic parameters such as diameter, affinity towards specific molecules, etc. 

The term proteasome is used to describe two kinds of multisubunit proteolytic complexes, the 26S and 20S, based on their sedimentation coefficient. The 26S proteasome degrades ubiquitinated protein substrates. The 26S complex contains the 20S as a core and regulatory caps on either end like a dumb bell. Each cap of the 26S proteasome is known as the 19S regulatory complex (19S RC). The 20S core is a cylindrical structure consisting of the catalytic part of the proteasome. ... 

In order to understand the mechanisms for fluid flow in the metering channel, it is important to understand the reference frames used in the mathematical analysis of the section. As discussed in many chapters leading up to this point, the extruder is a cylindrical structure, as shown in Fig. 7.1(a), that has a helical channel formed... 

Actin and myosin are the two principal muscle proteins in the myofibrils (Fig. 2d). They are arranged in a cylindrical structure, usually with six thin actin strands surrounding a thicker myosin fibril. The myosin fibril has... 

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