Name fragments

It is not necessary to build stmctures to use the Registry File. Compounds can also be searched for by using names, combinations of name fragments. Registry Numbers, molecular formulas, and in other ways. The display methods are the same. 

Attrition in fluidized bed systems leads primarily to a loss of bed material since the cyclones, which are mostly used for the collection of entrained material, are not able to keep the attrition-produced debris inside the fluidized bed system. The material loss through the cyclone is, therefore, usually taken as the attrition rate. This means that among the attrition modes discussed in Sec. 2, namely fragmentation and abrasion, it is abrasion which is the attrition mode of interest for fluidized bed systems. 

Besides examining-, the starch granules it is sometimes necessary, e.g. in mixtures of wheat and rye flours, and more particularly when it is desired to ascertain if a rye flour contains also wheat flour—where the granules do not differ sufficiently to allow of their certain detection—to make use of certain other elements present, namely, fragments of cortical tissue (bran) and hairs, the structure of which varies in different cereals. 

Mass spectrometric characterization of highly hydrogenated fullerenes showed also that some intermediate products are formed before the cage structure of fulleranes collapses fragmented fulleranes. The name fragmented fullerenes is used when fullerene molecule loses some carbon atoms, thus forming e.g. C58, C56, C54 etc. These molecules can be produced from C60 in the form of atomic clusters in gas phase and were typically observed only by mass spectrometry (Murry et al. 1993 Hathiramani et al. 2000 Dunser et al. 1997). Fragmented fulleranes are stable and could be obtained in bulk amounts, see next section for more details. 

For the conversion of systematic names, a more powerful and flexible approach must be based on the parsing of the chemical names and the application of syntax analysis. Figure 3.4 illustrates the principle steps of this procedure. The first step in the process, lexical analysis, splits the whole chemical name into a series of name fragments, known as lexemes, that have structural or grammatical meaning. Also... 

Lexical analysis-recognition and selection of lexemes-3-1 name fragments included in internal look-up tables... 

At the changeover from the eighth to the ninth Collective Index periods (1972), the use of many older stem names was discontinued. These are all found in the older literature, and some can still be found in the literature today. The list in Table 3.3 equates many 9CI name fragments with those used in the SCI and earlier. An asterisk indicates that the name was used in SCI for the unsubstituted substance only substituted derivatives were indexed elsewhere. 

TOXMAP is a Web resource that uses maps of the United States to show the amount and location of toxic chemicals released into the environment. Data are derived from the TRI database (described above), which provides information on toxic releases into the environment as reported by US industry. TOXMAP helps users create nationwide or local area maps showing where chemicals are released into the air, water, and ground. It also identifies the releasing facilities, color-codes release amounts for a single year, and provides multi-year chemical release trends, starting with 1987. Users can search the system by chemical name, chemical name fragment, and/or location (such as city, state, or zip code). TOXMAP also overlays map data such as US Census population data. 

Chain transfer was not observed. With lower-molecular-weight polymers (DP = 5 to 20), derived from OXL, 4-methyl- and 4-ethylOXL. 13C-NMR spectroscopy revealed the expected end-groups, namely fragments of initiating and terminating species17). 

The classical techniques of stractural analysis of polysaccharides, namely, fragmentation analysis (for example, by acid hydrolysis), methyl-ation analysis, and periodate oxidation (for reviews, see Refs. 1-3) have... 

The name fragmentation has been given to reactions in which the carbon skeleton is cleaved when an electron deficiency develops. A structural feature that permits fragmentation to occur readily is the presence of a carbon beta to the developing electron deficiency that can readily accept carbonium-ion character. This type of reaction occurs particularly readily when the y-atom is a heteroatom, such as... 

Crossfire is usually searched by drawing a chemical structure or reaction. It is also searchable by identifying elements, such as chemical name, name fragment, CAS RN, and molecular formula, as well as by numeric and keyword searches in various data fields. Crossfire, which will be fully replaced by a... 

Disintegrability, namely fragmentation and loss of visibility in the final compost (absence of visual pollution). The standard recommends assessment of disintegration through trials on a pilot or full-scale composting plant. Specimens on the test materials are composted with biowaste for three months. The final compost is then screened with a 2 mm sieve. The mass of test material residues with dimension >2 mm shall be less than 10% of the original mass. 

DIPPR Data Compilation of Pure Compound Properties http //dippr.byu.edu/ (subscription required). The DIPPR Chemical Database consists of both experimental data and temperature-dependent properties for over 2,000 pure chemicals. Data have been evalnated, correlated, and checked for thermodynamic consistency. Datasets, DIPPR-approved property constants, and regressed correlation coefficients for temperature-dependent properties are included. Calculation of temperature-dependent properties is possible in a variety of units (Standard, cgs, or British). Compounds are searched with either chemical names (or name fragments) or Chemical Abstracts Registry Nnmbers. Individual compound records also include both CAS and lUPAC names as well as trivial names. 

Formula Searches spectra corresponding to a chemical formula. Parentheses are resolved, e.g., CH3CH(C(CH3)3)2 is converted to C10H22-Constraints like name fragment or certain peaks can be selected. 

The computer translation of systematic chemical nomenclature into chemical structures is now possible. At least three groups have software which demonstrates this. Chemical Abstracts Service has for a long time used software running on mainframe computers to translate names in its style of nomenclature into connection tables. More recently, the Beilstein Institute has developed the VICA name interpreter for an IBM 3090 mainframe. This translates with a high success rate a wide range of names into a connection table using a dictionary of some 3000 name fragments. ... 

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