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Material entrainment

Particulates include solid-phase materials entrained in the raw product gas as it exits the gasifier. They include the inorganic ash that is associated with mineral matter in the biomass feedstock, unconverted biomass in the form of char, or material from the gasifier bed. [Pg.127]

Figure 10.5 Electron micrographs of bovine lipid globules containing cytoplasmic material entrained between the core lipid and the membrane surrounding the globule [indicated by m in (b)]. (a) Secretory vesicle-containing casein micelles are present in the entrained material, (b) Vesicles of various sizes and fragments of rough endoplasmic reticulum are present. Bars = 1.0 (a) and 2.0 (b) Mm magnification x 22,000 (a), x9000 (b). Figure 10.5 Electron micrographs of bovine lipid globules containing cytoplasmic material entrained between the core lipid and the membrane surrounding the globule [indicated by m in (b)]. (a) Secretory vesicle-containing casein micelles are present in the entrained material, (b) Vesicles of various sizes and fragments of rough endoplasmic reticulum are present. Bars = 1.0 (a) and 2.0 (b) Mm magnification x 22,000 (a), x9000 (b).
Along with studies of melt inclusions, the study of mantle xenoliths (samples of mantle material entrained and brought to the surface in eruption magmas) and exhumed mantle rocks is one of the most common applications of SIMS for trace element analysis. SIMS is ideally suited to this task, as there is no need to try to make mineral separates from what are often limited amounts of sample, alteration can be prevented, and zoning easily studied. [Pg.426]

Some of the enzymes of the MFGM, such as 5 -nucleotidase, adenosine triphosphatase and phosphodiesterase I, are known to be enriched in plasma membranes. However, other enzymes found in the MFGM are known constituents of intracellular membranes or are cytosolic. Why some of these are present in the MFGM remains to be explained some may possibly originate from material entrained in cytoplasmic crescents and therefore are not true MFGM constituents. Perhaps some enzymes become... [Pg.153]

The vaporized glycerine stream passes through the entrainment separator [10] and condenses on the internal U-tube condenser [9]. Droplets of material entrained with the vapor stream impinge on the entrainment separator and flow back to the heated wall through centrifugal force of the rotating assembly. Distillate flows out the distillate outlet [11] and noncondensables flow out through the vacuum outlet [13]. [Pg.3187]

Material in top half of downcomer fully fluidized granular material entrained and elutriated through the gas exit. [Pg.384]

To provide a confinement barrier for radioactive material entrained in Zone 1 and Zone 2A ventilation exhaust streams (defense in depth). [Pg.207]

Solids materials that are insoluble in hydrocarbon or water can be entrained in the crude. These are called bottom sediments and comprise fine particles of sand, drilling mud, rock such as feldspar and gypsum, metals in the form of minerals or in their free state such as iron, copper, lead, nickel, and vanadium. The latter can come from pipeline erosion, storage tanks, valves and piping systems, etc. whatever comes in contact with the crude oil. [Pg.327]

In some inlet devices, the volatile sample materials are first separated from entrained hydrogen gas or air by condensing them in a coolant bath. Subsequently, when all of the volatile sample components have been condensed and the hydrogen or air has been swept away, the sample is reheated and sent to the plasma flame. [Pg.396]

The ablated vapors constitute an aerosol that can be examined using a secondary ionization source. Thus, passing the aerosol into a plasma torch provides an excellent means of ionization, and by such methods isotope patterns or ratios are readily measurable from otherwise intractable materials such as bone or ceramics. If the sample examined is dissolved as a solid solution in a matrix, the rapid expansion of the matrix, often an organic acid, covolatilizes the entrained sample. Proton transfer from the matrix occurs to give protonated molecular ions of the sample. Normally thermally unstable, polar biomolecules such as proteins give good yields of protonated ions. This is the basis of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). [Pg.399]

Fractional crystallization may be accompHshed on a batch, continuous, or semicontkiuous basis. Oil is chilled continuously while passkig through the unit and is then passed over a continuous belt filter which separates soHd fat from the Hquid oil. The process gives poorer separation compared to solvent fractionation because oils are viscous at crystallization temperatures and are entrained to a significant extent ki the soHd fraction. The Hquid fraction, however, is relatively free of saturated material. [Pg.127]

A fourth mechanism is called sweep flocculation. It is used primarily in very low soflds systems such as raw water clarification. Addition of an inorganic salt produces a metal hydroxide precipitate which entrains fine particles of other suspended soflds as it settles. A variation of this mechanism is sometimes employed for suspensions that do not respond to polymeric flocculants. A soHd material such as clay is deUberately added to the suspension and then flocculated with a high molecular weight polymer. The original suspended matter is entrained in the clay floes formed by the bridging mechanism and is removed with the clay. [Pg.34]

Flue particles ia a fluidized bed are analogous to volatile molecules ia a Foiling solution. Therefore, the concentration of particles ia the gas above a fluidized bed is a function of the saturation capacity of the gas. To calculate the entrainment rate, it is first necessary to determine what particle sizes ia the bed can be entrained. These particles are the ones which have a terminal velocity less than the superficial gas velocity, assuming that iaterparticle forces ia a dilute zone of the freeboard are negligible. An average particle size of the entrainable particles is then calculated. If all particles ia the bed are entrainable, the entrained material has the same size distribution as the bed material. [Pg.80]

In practice, the entrained material is enriched ia fines even when the entire bed is entrainable. However, as the gas velocity is iacreased to many multiples of the terminal velocity, the composition of the entrainable material approaches the bed composition. [Pg.80]

Defoamers. Foam is a common problem in papermaking systems (27). It is caused by surface-active agents which are present in the pulp slurry or in the chemical additives. In addition, partially hydrophobic soHd materials can function as foam stabilizers. Foam can exist as surface foam or as a combination of surface foam and entrained air bubbles. Surface foam usually can be removed by water or steam showers and causes few problems. Entrained air bubbles, however, can slow drainage of the stock and hence reduce machine speed. Another serious effect is the formation of translucent circular spots in the finished sheet caused by permanently entrained air. [Pg.16]

Flooding. When a stable rathole forms in a bin and fresh material is added, or when material falls into the channel from above, a flood can occur if the bulk sohd is a fine powder. As the powder falls into the channel, it becomes entrained in the air in the channel and becomes fluidized (aerated). When this fluidized material reaches the outlet, it is likely to flood from the bin, because most feeders are designed to handle sohds, not fluids (see Eluidization). Fimited Discharge Kate. Bulk sohds, especially fine powders, sometimes flow at a rate lower than required for a process. This flow rate limitation is often a function of the material s air or gas permeabihty. Simply increasing the speed of the feeder does not solve the problem. There is a limit to how fast material... [Pg.551]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.301 ]




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