Myrothecium roridum

Artemisia annua, Trachelospermum jasminoides Myrothecium roridum myrothecine A-C 246... 

The genetics and regulation of trichothecene bios)mthesis have been elucidated in detail in F. sporotrichioides (Hohn et al., 1993), Myrothecium roridum (Trapp et al., 1998), and F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae Kimura et al., 2003). 

Bean, G. A., Fernando, T., Jarvia, B. B., and Bruton, B. 1984. The isolation and identification of trichothecene metabolites from plant pathogenic strains of Myrothecium roridum. J. Nat. Prod. 47, 727-729... 

In fungal species such as Myrothecium roridum and T. roseum, ITdiol (128) is subsequently cyclized to EPT, a minimum trichothecene skeleton also given a specific compound name trichothecene (Figure 33). EPT is a precursor specific to non-Fusarium trichothecenes because it is not metabolized to Fusarium trichothecenes (that have an acetyl or a hydroxyl at C-3) by trichothecene-producing Fusarium species.276 This implies that the determinant of Fusarium trichothecene and non-Fusarium trichothecene is the functional difference of Tri4 that functions between the first and second cyclizations in the biosynthetic pathways. 

Myrothecium roridum, Trkhoderma viride (fungi) (Deuteromycetes) Trkhothecium roseum (fungus) (Deuteromycete)... 

The strongest evidence to support the association between the production of a trichothecene by a plant pathogen and the resulting death of the host is work carried out with Myrothecium roridum (31, 32, 33). This pathogen attacks musk-melon (Cucumis melo L.) and while it attacks mainly the fruit, with concomitant losses of up to 30%, all parts of the plant... 

Some trichothecenes, a group of mycotoxins, have macrodiolide or macrotri-olide skeletons. Trichothecenes inhibited protein synthesis by binding to the ribosomal peptidyltransferase site [141]. Roritoxins (roritoxin A, 113) are 16-membered ring macrodiolides isolated from Myrothecium roridum [142]. Verru-carin A (114) is an 18-membered ring macrotriolide produced by Myrothecium spp. [143]. 

Like other micronutrients. Mo has been found to influence the incidence of plant diseases. Molybdenum application has been reported to decrease leaf-spot infection caused by Septoria sojina in soybeans (Girenko, 1975) and to decrease Verticillium wilt in tomatoes (Dutta and Bremner, 1981) and cotton (Gossypium spp.) (Miller and Becker, 1983). It also reduces the production of roridin E toxin by Myrothecium roridum (Fernando, Jarvis, and Bean, 1986) and zoosporangia formation by Phytophthora spp. (Halsall, 1977). Haque and Mukhopadhyay (1983) observed that soil application of Mo caused some reduction in the population of parasitic nematodes. Whether these effects are due to some specific role of Mo in plant disease resistance or are indirect effects of Mo through plant metabolism is not certain. 

Fernando, T., Jarvis, B. B., and Bean, G. (1986). Effects of micro-elements on production of Roridin E by Myrothecium roridum, a strain pathogenic to muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Trans. Br. My col. Soc. 86 273-7. 

The genes controlling the initial stages of the biosynthetic pathway to the verrucarol moiety of the macrocychc trichothecenes have been studied in Myrothecium roridum (311). In so far as the pathways overlap, the pathway outlined above for simple trichothecenes is followed, and clustered genes MRTri4-6, similar to Tri4-6 and with the same function. 

Jarvis BB, Lee Y-W, Yatawara CS, Mazzocchi DB, Flippen-Anderson JL, Gilardi R, George C (1985) 7a-Hydroxytrichodermol, a New Trichothecene from Myrothecium roridum. Appl Environ Microbiol 50 1225... 

Bean GA, Fernando T, Jarvis BB, Bruton B (1984) The Isolation and Identification of Trichothecene Mycotoxins from a Plant Pathogenic Strain of Myrothecium roridum. J Nat Prod 47 727... 

Jarvis BB, Vrudhula VM, Pavanasasivam G (1983) Trichoverritone and 16-Hydroxyroridin L-2, New Trichothecenes from Myrothecium roridum. Tetrahedron Lett 24 3539... 

Zurcher W, Tamm Ch (1966) Verrucarine und Roridine, 13. Mitteilung. Isolierung von 2 -Dehydroverrucarin A als Metaboht von Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr., Gattungstyp bei Fries. Helv Chim Acta 49 2594... 

Jarvis BB, Comezoglu FT, Lee Y-W, Flippen-Anderson JL, Gilatdi RD, George CF (1986) Novel Trichothecenes from Myrothecium roridum. Bull Soc Chim Belg 95 681... 

Jarvis BB, Yatawara CS (1986) Roritoxins, New Macrocyclic Trichothecenes from Myrothecium roridum. J Org Chem 51 2906... 

Namikoshi M, Akano K, Meguro S, Kasuga I, Mine Y, Takahashi T, Kobayashi H (2001) A New Macrocyclic Trichothecene, 12,13-DeoxyrOTidin E, Produced by the Marine-Derived Eungus Myrothecium roridum Collected in Palau. J Nat Prod 64 396... 

Trapp SC, Hohn TM, McCormick S, Jarvis BB (1998) Characterization of the Gene Cluster for Biosynthesis of Macrocyclic Trichothecenes in Myrothecium roridum. Mol Gen Genet 257 421... 

Verrucarin A (380) is one of the most important and best described macrocyclic trichothecenes. This compound was obtained for the first time in 1962 by isolation from Myrothecium roridum and M. verrucaria by Tamm et al. 331). This same group performed a considerable amount of research in this area and in 1982 they published the total synthesis of verrucarin A (380) 317). 

Jarvis, B. B., V. M. Vrudhula, and G. Pavanasasivam Trichoverritone and 16-hydroxyroridin L-2, new trichothecenes from Myrothecium roridum. Tetrahedron Letters 24, 3539 (1983). 

People working with animal feeds may become ill by inhalation or contact with toxic metabolites more usually associated with mycotoxicoses in animals. Thus Stachybotrys alternans and Dendrodochium toxicum, also known as Myrothecium roridum, grow on hay and straw under certain conditions and have caused serious diseases of horses in parts of Russia. These fungi also produce complex trichothecene derivatives, and materials contaminated by them may be dangerous to people handling them. 

MYPOTOXINS PRODUCED BY MYROTHECIUM RORIDUM A FUNGUS PATHOGENIC TO TOMATOES... 

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