Myrothecium

An example of a separation primarily based on polar interactions using silica gel as the stationary phase is shown in figure 10. The macro-cyclic tricothecane derivatives are secondary metabolites of the soil fungi Myrothecium Verrucaia. They exhibit antibiotic, antifungal and cytostatic activity and, consequently, their analysis is of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. The column used was 25 cm long, 4.6 mm in diameter and packed with silica gel particles 5 p in diameter which should give approximately 25,000 theoretical plates if operated at the optimum velocity. The flow rate was 1.5 ml/min, and as the retention time of the last peak was about 40 minutes, the retention volume of the last peak would be about 60 ml. 

Our findings suggest that some Baccharis species form an association with Myrothecium species which produce roridins. These roridins are taken up by the plant and, in the case of B. coridifolia stored, but in the case of B. megapotamTca the roridins are oxidized (metabolized) (45) to the baccharinoids. 

Dermally hazardous cytotoxins obtained from various molds and fungi (Stachybotrys atra, Myrothecium sp.). They are colorless, crystalline solids that are heat stable and can be stored for long periods. 

Artemisia annua, Trachelospermum jasminoides Myrothecium roridum myrothecine A-C 246... 

Alt. alternata A. niger A. nomius A. terreus A. sydowii A. versicolor Chaetomium globosum Cladosporium herbarum Myrothecium rorldum Paedlomyces variotii patulin producers (idh)... 

The genetics and regulation of trichothecene bios)mthesis have been elucidated in detail in F. sporotrichioides (Hohn et al., 1993), Myrothecium roridum (Trapp et al., 1998), and F. graminearum (Gibberella zeae Kimura et al., 2003). 

Trichothecenes are a numerous group of sesquiterpenoids produced by various species of Fusar-ium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Cephalosporium, and other fungi. 

The question of the involvement of oxidative enzymes in the breakdown of cellulose has been raised periodically, but now there is definite evidence that such enzymes occur in some culture filtrates. This was established by Eriksson and his colleagues (2) when they found that concentrated cell-free filtrates of the fungi S. pulverulentum, Polyporus adustus, Myrothecium verrucaria, and T. viride solubilized cellulose at a slower rate under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions. 

Fungi present in Coniophora cerebella and Lenzites trabea 90 none in Aspergillus fumi-gatus, A. niger, A. oryzae, A. terreus,90 and Myrothecium verrucaria.°3... 

Trichothecenes are composed of 40 or more structurally related compounds produced by a variety of molds, including Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Trichoderma, which grow predominantly on grains. Much of the available information on human toxicity of trichothecenes was obtained from an outbreak of poisoning in Siberia in 1944, mentioned above. 

It is not our intention to discuss all the data concerning the trichothecenes that are active against both plants and animals or to name them. They are metabolites of the fungi Acremonium, Cylindrocarpon, Dendrostilbella, Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma and Trichothecium, but only Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Trichothecium are considered phytopathogenic. And, as a further note, of 15 evaluated in the etiolated wheat coleoptile bioassay, all were significantly active (p< 0.01) to one degree or another, and the most active were the macrocyclic trichothecenes. Of the latter, verrucarin A and J, and trichoverrin B were highly potent. 

Bean, G. A., Fernando, T., Jarvia, B. B., and Bruton, B. 1984. The isolation and identification of trichothecene metabolites from plant pathogenic strains of Myrothecium roridum. J. Nat. Prod. 47, 727-729... 

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