Marine-derived

Diisocyanoadociane, a novel marine-derived diterpenoid, was analyzed retrosynthetically using the intramolecular Diels-Alder transform as T-goal concurrently with topological and stereochemical guidance. The enantioselective synthesis outlined below allowed assignment of absolute configuration. 

Venustatriol, a marine-derived antiviral agent, as with many polyether structures, is a straightforward problem for retrosynthetic analysis. The major issues, clearance of stereocenters and topologically strategic disconnection, were readily resolved to generate the pathway of synthesis described below. 

Hybridalactone, a novel marine derived eicosanoid from Laurencia hybrida, appears to be biosynthesized by a unique pathway from eicosapentaenoic acid. The synthesis of hybridalactone was carried out enantiospecifically from (+)-bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-4-ene-l-one so as to provide proof of stereochemistry (Ref. 4). 

Total synthesis of brevetoxin B, a fused polycyclic marine-derived saturated 0-heterocycle 97YGK686. 

Magarvey NA, JM Keller, V Bernan, M Dworkin, DH Sherman (2004) Isolation and characterization of novel marine-derived actinomycete taxa rich in bioactive metabolites. Appl Environ Microbiol 70 7529-7530. 

It has been a relatively recent development in the study of marine-derived natural products to recognize that creatures inhabiting the world s oceans are rich in eicosanoids and related fatty acid derivatives, collectively known as oxylipins1 [1]. Because metabolites of this class play a crucial role in both... 

Conceptually interesting is the synthesis of the oxazole system 94 through a Beckmann rearrangement of a-formyl ketoxime dimethyl acetals 93 which demonstrated the possibility of a non-amino acid pathway in the biosynthesis of marine derived oxazoles <06CC1742>. 

Fish Oils (Marine-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids)... 

To determine the non-seasalt (nSS) contributions of trace elements we have normalized mean concentrations of ions to Cl and subtracted the contributions from seasalt (Nozaki, 1997). We assume that all of the Cl" in the sample was from marine aerosol or marine-derived salt and nSS major ions and trace elements can be calculated. For example the percentage of nSS-S042 is calculated as ... 

A marine nutraceutical is defined as a marine-derived substance that can be used as a dietary supplement or a food ingredient that provides a medicinal or health benefit beyond basic nutrition [Barrow, C.. and F. Shahidi (2008). Marine Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. CRC Press. 494 pp.] Cosmoceuticals are cosmetic products with drug-like benefits conferred by ingredients such as vitamins, phytochemicals, enzymes, antioxidants, and essential oils. 

Table 4. Marine-derived natural product-based drug candidates under clinical evaluation. 

Schwartsmann G Da Rocha AB, Mattel J, Lopes R. (2003) Marine-derived anticancer agents in clinical trials. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 12 1367-1383. 

Sumez Y, Gonzalez L, Cuadrado A, Berciano M, Lafarga M, Munoz A. (2003) Kahalalide F, a new marine-derived compound, induces oncosis in human prostate and breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2 863-872. 

Jimeno J, Aracil M, Tercero JC. (2006). Adding pharmacogenomics to the development of new marine-derived anticancer agents. J Transl Med 4 3-9. 

Capon RJ, Steward M, Ratnayake R, Lacey E, Gill JH (2007) Citromycetins and Bilains A-C new Aromatic Polyketides and Diketopiperazines from Australian Marine-derived and Terrestrial Penicillium spp. J Nat Prod 70 1746... 

Holinsworth B, Martin JD (2009) Siderophore Production by Marine-derived Fungi. Biometals 22 625... 

Wang W, Chi Z, Liu G., Buzdar MA, Chi Z, Gu Q (2009) Chemical and Biological Characterization of Siderophores Produced by the Marine-derived Aureobasidium pullu-lans HN6.2 and its Antibacterial Activity. Biometals 22 965... 

Osterhage C et al., 5-Hydroxyramulosin, a new natural product produced by Phoma tropica, a marine-derived fungus isolated from the alga Ficcus spiralis, Plant Med 6 052- Q5A, 2002. 

Seibert SF et al., Ascospiroketals A and B, unprecedented cycloethers from the marine-derived fungus Ascochyta salicorniae, Org Lett, in press, 2007. 

Kralj A etal., Arugosins G and H Prenylated polyketides from the marine-derived fungus Emericella nidulans var. acristata, J Nat Prod 69 .935—2006. 

In 2005, Han et al. reported the isolation of a novel, naturally occurring, staurosporine analog, ZHD-0501 (321) from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived Actinomadura sp. 007. This was the first example of a staurosporine analog carrying a heterocycle fused to the pyran ring, and it has shown in vitro anticancer activity against mammalian cancer cells. In nature, this isolate was obtained in its optically active form [a]p -I- 83.2 (c 0.10, MeOH) (306). 

He, J., Lion, U., Saltier, L, Gollmick, F. A., Grabley, S., Cai, J., Meiners, M., Schiinke, H., Schaumann, K., Dechert, U. and Krohn, M. 2005. Diastereomeric quinolinone alkaloids from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium janczewskii. Journal of Natural Products, 68 1397-1399. 

Sasaki, M., Tsuda, M., Sekiguchi, M., Mikami, Y. and Kobayashi, J. 2005. Peri-nadine A, a novel tetracyclic alkaloid from marine-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum. Organic Letters, 1 4261 264. 

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