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Chemotherapy drugs used

Myelosuppression is one of the most common dose-limiting side effects of cancer drugs that cause myelosuppression. Myelosuppression may occur several days to several weeks after treatment and varies with the chemotherapy drugs used. WBCs, in particular, neutrophils, are the first cell line that is decreased because of their rapid proliferation and short life span of 6 to 12 hours. Platelets, with a life span of 9 to 11 days... [Pg.1297]

Fluorine compounds are also used to reduce the viscosity of molten metals and slag byproducts so that they will flow more easily. In addition, fluorine is a component of therapeutic chemotherapy drugs used to treat a number of different types of cancer. [Pg.248]

A physician ordered a 260-milligram preparation of Taxol for a patient, but the pharmacist prepared 260 milligrams of Taxotere instead. Both are chemotherapy drugs used for different types of cancer and with different recommended doses. The patient died several days later, though the death couldn t be linked to the error because the patient was already severely ill. [Pg.260]

Melphalan is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. Melphalan is an alkylating agent belonging to the nitrogen mustard family. Draw a likely mechanism for the alkylation process that occurs when a nucleophile reacts with melphalan ... [Pg.325]

Fluorouracil is one component of a mixture of three drugs used in breast cancer chemotherapy What is its stmcture" ... [Pg.1189]

Perhaps you are a health science major, looking forward to a career in medicine or pharmacy. If so, you will want to become familiar with the properties of aqueous solutions (Chapters 4,10,14, and 16), which include blood and other body fluids. Chemists today are involved in the synthesis of a variety of life-saving products. These range from drugs used in chemotherapy (Chapter 15) to new antibiotics used against resistant microorganisms. [Pg.2]

Colchicine (a drug used in treatment of gout) and vinblastine (a cancer chemotherapy agent) may decrease liver uptake of americium. In rats that received an intraperitoneal injection of either colchicine and vinblastine prior to an intravenous or intramuscular injection of americium citrate, liver uptake of americium was lower, relative to controls, and kidney and skeletal americium uptake were higher (Seidel 1984, 1985). The effect is thought to involve disruption of hepatic microtubule formation, which is critical to the formation and intracellular processing of lysosomes, the initial site of accumulation of americium in the liver. [Pg.114]

Second, the book includes sections on pain control, antibiotic use in neutropenic fever, antiemetic guidelines, and supportive care medications. The book continues with a section on drugs used in commonly encountered problems in hematology, and concludes with a listing of the wholesale costs of most chemotherapy agents. The rapid growth of chemotherapeutic options will make frequent updates of this handbook essential for the future state-of-the-art care of our patients. [Pg.3]

Neutropenias may also arise as a side effect or deliberate consequence of therapy. For example, some drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders are immunosuppressive, and if these decrease the number of circulating neutrophils to below the critical threshold level, then susceptibility to infection may result. During chemotherapy for the treatment of solid tumours, an inevitable consequence of cytotoxic therapy is that the bone marrow will be destroyed by the drugs thus, patients will have a considerable risk of infection during this induction period. Similarly, during the treatment of haematological disorders (e.g. leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes), the aim of therapy is to attack the bone marrow so as to destroy... [Pg.263]

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the name ascribed to the phenomenon whereby cancer cells and tumors develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Conceptually, this can be viewed as a survival response whereby cancer cells endeavor to ward off cytotoxic compounds. Mechanistically, MDR is typically mediated by overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp aka ABCB1) or other plasma membrane ATPases that export cytotoxic drugs used in chemotherapy, thereby reducing their efficacy. [Pg.605]

The antitumor agent compound 593 A, was isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus. This compound possesses the /3-chloramine function of the nitrogen mustards, a group of compounds whose derivatives have been incorporated into many synthetic drugs used in cancer chemotherapy. ... [Pg.683]

Many drugs used in cancer chemotherapy inhibit DNA synthesis or function... [Pg.346]

Hematopoietic stem cells are used to treat people whose own blood-forming cells fail because of a rare condition called aplastic anemia, or to help people who have been accidentally exposed to very high doses of irradiation. Hematopoietic stem cells are most often used as part of the treatment for certain forms of cancer. Sometimes cancer patients are given very high doses of irradiation and/or chemotherapy drugs that destroy the blood-forming stem cells in the bone marrow. Transplants with the patient s own blood stem cells that were removed before the treatment, or stem cells from a healthy donor, allow the patient to recover. The transplant process is very simple The cells in a salt solution are slowly injected into a vein just like a blood transfusion. If the blood stem cells come from a donor, then the donor and the patient must share certain inherited proteins to make sure that the donor s immune system cells will not attack the treated patient. [Pg.113]

After the surgery, new antibodies and killer lymphocytes that cause rejection may develop within days. To prevent this from happening, or at least reduce the chances of it, scientists have discovered and developed a number of immunosuppressive drugs that help extend the life of the transplanted organ and, thus, the life of its recipient. Corticosteroids and the cancer chemotherapy drug azathioprine were the first drugs used to suppress the immune system for organ... [Pg.123]

E the introduction of different ligands in the amine complexes increases E according to the order I < CN < SCN < Br < Cl < NO2 [159, 160]. Finally, we mention the famous cisplatin, cis-Pt(NH3)Cl2, which is a very powerful cancer chemotherapy drug [161]. Its effect was discovered by Rosenberg [162] accidentally when he investigated the influence of electric field on living cells. He used supposedly inert platinum electrodes to study the suspension of live Escherichia coli bacteria. It was found that, as a consequence of dissolution of Pt, cisplatin was formed which had a devastating effect on the bacteria. [Pg.516]

Amoebiasis is an infectious disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. It can cause asymptomatic intestinal infection, colitis (mild to moderate), dysentery (severe intestinal infection), ameboma, liver abscess etc. The drugs used in chemotherapy of amoebiasis are classified as in table 9.9.1. [Pg.355]

Neutropenia is a common adverse effect of the cytotoxic drugs used to treat cancer and increases the risk of serious infection in patients receiving chemotherapy. Unlike the treatment of anemia and thrombocytopenia, transfusion of neutropenic patients with granulocytes collected from donors is performed rarely and with limited success. The introduction of G-CSF in 1991 represented a milestone in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. This growth factor dramatically accelerates the rate of neutrophil recovery after dose-intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy (Figure 33-5). It reduces the duration of neutropenia and usually raises the nadir count, the lowest neutrophil count seen following a cycle of chemotherapy. [Pg.745]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.255 , Pg.412 ]




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Chemotherapy drugs

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