Mucous membrane Throat inflammation

Hydrogen chloride in air is an irritant, severely affecting the eye and the respiratory tract. The inflammation of the upper respiratory tract can cause edema and spasm of the larynx. The vapor in the air, normally absorbed by the upper respiratory mucous membranes, is lethal at concentrations of over 0.1% in air, when exposed for a few minutes. HCl is detectable by odor at 1—5 ppm level and becomes objectionable at 5—10 ppm. The maximum concentration that can be tolerated for an hour is about 0.01% which, even at these levels, causes severe throat irritation. The maximum allowable concentration under normal working conditions has been set at 5 ppm. 

Vapors from the solvents or actual contact can also cause irritation of the eyes and the lining, or mucous membrane, of the nose and throat. If the vapors penetrate further into the respiratory passages, these too will become irritated and cause an irritation of the back of the throat (pharyngitis), or worse still, inflammation of the bronchi (breathing tubes) in the condition of bronchitis, which we have already seen occurring with the irritant gases. 

Unacclimated human subjects exposed to 400 ppm for 3-5 minutes experienced nose and throat irritation. However, no adverse symptoms were observed in workmen exposed at 375-1500ppm for several months. In rare instances, exposure may cause sensitization resulting in inflammation of the mucous membranes and in eczematous eruptions. ... 

Chlorine is extremely irritating to the mucous membranes of the eyes and the respiratory tract at 3 ppm. Combines with moismre to form HCl. Both these substances, if present in quantity, cause inflammation of the tissues with which they come in contact. A concentration of 3.5 ppm produces a detectable odor 15 ppm causes immediate irritation of the throat. Concentrations of 50 ppm are dangerous for even short exposures 1000 ppm may be fatal, even when exposure is brief Because of its intensely irritating properties, severe industrial exposure seldom occurs, as the worker is forced to leave the exposure area before he can be seriously affected. In cases where this is impossible, the initial irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes of the nose and throat is followed by coughing, a feeling of suffocation, and, later, pain and a feeling of constriction in the chest. If exposure has been severe, pulmonary edema... 

On moist skin or mucous membranes, SO2 is converted to sulfurous acid, a direct irritant. This mechanism accounts for its ability to cause inflammation, burning sensation, and tissue damage (described below) in the eyes, throat, nose, and other respiratory tissues experiencing direct contact. Bronchoconstric-tion and other related effects may be mediated by release of leukotrienes, prostaglandins, or other inflammatory factors. How SO2 causes any of the other systemic and clastogenic effects reported below is unclear. Some evidence suggests that free radicals and oxidative stress may play a role, and that metabolites of SO2 (sulfites) may be responsible for clastogenicity. 

USE In the manufacture of furfural-phenol plastics such as Durite in solvent refining of petroleum oils in the prepn of pyromucic acid. As a solvent for nitrated cotton, cellulose acetate, and gums in the manuf of varnishes for accel -crating vulcanization as insecticide, fungicide, germicide as reagent in analytical chemistry. In the synthesis of furan derivatives. Caution Irritates mucous membranes and acts on CNS- Causes lacrimal ion, inflammation of eyes, irritation of throat, headache-... 

Sodium silicates are strong irritants to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Prolonged exposure to sodium silicate dust, powder, or liquid may cause inflammation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. More serious symptoms may include difficulty in swallowing, burns inside the stomach, damage to the mucous membranes, rapid heartbeat, hypertension, shock, severe damage to the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, various types of cancer, and death. These hazards are of concern primarily to workers who come into contact with sodium silicate in solid or liquid form in the workplace. 

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS EPA group B2 probable human carcinogen Acute Risks inflammation and necrosis of the eyes, mouth and respiratory tract ulceration delirium coma severe blistering conjunctivitis catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes, nose, throat, larynx and trachea Chronic Risks damage to the lungs, liver, kidneys, heart and CNS prostration suppression of urine pulmonary edema jaundice hematuria albuminuria. 

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS Acute Risks irritation of eyes, nasal passages, throat and lungs destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract inflammation and edema of larynx and bronchi chemical pneumonitis pulmonary edema headaches nausea and vomiting Chronic Risks atrophy and necrosis of the spleen and thymus may alter genetic material blistering and necrosis. 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS irritation of eyes, skin, nose, and throat skin bums skin sensitization inflammation of mucous membranes. 

Anti catarrhal Catarrh is the inflammation of a mucous membrane, usually the air passages of the head or throat, with subsequent copious discharge of mucus. An anticatarrhal is a substance that reduces, prevents, or eliminates catarrh. 

Chlorine is a severely irritating gas, causing irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. Exposure also causes burning of the mouth, coughing, choking, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, pneumonia, muscle weakness, respiratory distress, and pulmonary edema. A 30-minute exposure to 500-800 ppm can be fatal to humans. Chronic exposure to concentrations around 5 ppm have produced corrosion of the teeth, inflammation of the mucous membranes, respiratory ailments, and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis among workers (Patty 1963). 

Fruit preparations, calculated at a daily dose of20-60 g, are used for the treatment of acute diarrhea and for localized nuld inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. In Europe, leaf preparations are used for the supportive treatment of diabetes mel-htus prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal, kidney, and urinary tract disorders, as well as arthritis, dermatitis, functional heart problems, gout, hemorrhoids, poor circulation, and for metabolic stimulation of circulation. Efficacy of the leaves is not established and their therapeutic use is not recommended (blumenteial 1). 

Properties Yel. vise, liq. disp. in water sp.gr. 1.00-1.20 vise. = 4500 cps acid no. 85-105 (pH 5.5) flash pt. (OC) 440 F pH 1.0-2.5 (5% sol n.) surf. tens. = 30 dynes/cm Ross-Miles foam 158/146 mm (49 C) 1.0% max. moisture Toxicology May cause eye irritation, conjundivitis, opaqueness of cornea may lead to loss of sight inh. can irritate mucous membranes, nose, throat causes inflammation, burns, blisters on skin ing. can burn, blister mouth, throat, digestive tract... 

Toxicology May cause eye irritation, conjunctivitis, opaqueness of cornea may lead to loss of sight Inh. can Irritate mucous membranes, nose, throat causes inflammation, bums, blisters on skin ing. can bum, blister mouth, throat, digestive tract... 

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