Phenol-furfural

Furfural is a colourless liquid which darkens in air and has a boiling point of 161.7°C at atmospheric pressure. Its principal uses are as a selective solvent used in such operations as the purification of wood resin and in the extraction of butadiene from other refinery gases. It is also used in the manufacture of phenol-furfural resins and as a raw material for the nylons. The material will resinify in the presence of acids but the product has little commercial value. 

The resulting oil is brownish iu coloor with a most unpleasant odour, due to the presence ot decomposition products, which inclnde phenols, furfural, and benzenoid hydrocarbons. 

Zone 4 alkyd, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-furfural, and polysulfone. 

Phenol-furfural resins find limited application in the moulding of thick parts such as television cabinets, storage battery cases, etc. 

Solubilities of Gc in Various Solvents per 100g, at 25°C completely miscible with w, lower aliphatic ales, aldehydes ketones AcOH, pyridine, chlorobenz, phenol, furfural deny de and glycerol slightly dissolves in CS2. chlf xylene solubilities in other solvents ... 

Numerous process selection studies have led the author to the conclusion that for phenol, furfural, and Duosol processes, correlations of yield versus viscosity index (or any other measure of degree of refinement) will be identical. 

Solvent extraction has become the most widely used method of refining lubricating oils. Selective solvents which extract the less desirable constituents include phenol, furfural, dichloroethyl ether, mixtures of cresylic acid and propane, and liquid sulfur dioxide. Liquid propane precipitates asphaltic constituents and wax and retains the more desirable oil components in solution. Dewaxing may also be accomplished by other solvents such as mixtures of benzene and methyl ethyl ketone. 

PHENOL-FURFURAL RESIN, A phenolic resin that has a somewhat sharper transition than phenol-formaldehyde from the soft, thermoplastic stage to the cured, infusible state and can be fabricated by injection molding since it has little tendency to harden before curing conditions are reached. 

A simpler approach for depositing water insoluble chemicals within the cell walls of wood is to impregnate the wood with solvent soluble resin forming chemicals containing a catalyst that penetrate the cell walls followed by evaporation of the solvent and then heating to polymerize the resin. This has been accomplished with the following water soluble resin forming systems phenol, resorcinol, melamine and urea-formaldehydes, phenol -furfural, furfuryl-aniline and furfuryl alcohol (44). 

Hot Pressing of Felted Mats. An experiment intended to identify which of thetwo mechanisms is operative was designed and executed. The approach taken was based on the argument that each mechanism requires certain cell wall components be present and that removal of all or most of the component will be detrimental to wet-strength development. The phenol-furfural condensation mechanism requires hemicellulose as a source of furfural. The thermoplasticity of lignin mechanism requires lignin. Consequently, three pulps were prepared containing ... 

It is concluded that all of the results presented above discredit the phenol-furfural condensation mechanism and that the source of wet strength in hardboards is thermoplastic-fusion of lignin concentrated on the surfaces of the fibers. 

Besides, furfural polymerizes in the presence of an acid catalyst with phenol, urea, and acetone. In this regard, the phenol-furfural and urea-furfural resins are important [221-223], Furfural reacts usually as does all a-substituted aldehydes in this regard, with phenol it condenses in the presence of either alkali or acid to form synthetic resins in a reaction that is very similar to that of phenol with formaldehyde or acetaldehyde [223],... 

Coal and pine tar are examples of common nonreactive diluents from natural substances. These are interesting nonreactive diluents because of their relatively low cost. They are often used as extenders in epoxy systems to reduce the cost. Coal tar is widely used because of its excellent compatibility with epoxy resins and relatively small sacrifice in cured properties. Nonyl phenol, furfural alcohol, and dibutyl phthalate are also common nonreactive diluents for epoxy systems. Dibutyl phthalate is also used as a plasticizer in many thermoplastics, such as polyvinyl chloride. 

Although 2-furoic acid (pyromucic acid) was known to Scheele in 1780, furan was obtained only in 1870 by Limpricht. Furfural began to be produced commercially in the 1930s by the Quaker Oats Company and its subsidiary, the Miner Laboratory. It had been observed that oat husks (waste from breakfast cereals) afforded furfural on treatment with acids in about 10% yield, along with non-volatile cattle food. Among the many uses of furfural, one should mention (i) the manufacture of plastics based on the phenol-furfural-formaldehyde reaction, (ii) its use as selective solvent for aromatics in the petrochemical industry and oil refinement, and (iii) the separation of saturated from unsaturated fats (triglycerides) in the refinement of vegetable oils. Furfural can be recovered by steam distillation and recycled. 

The phosphorylation of phenol-furfural condensate affords a cation-exchange resin with improved thermal and chemical reristance. The heat treatment of phosphonic add resins from furfural redns, phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, and polystyrene at 100-180 °C for 10-48 h shows that the furfural-based phosphonic acid resins possess higher thermal stability than those from the other two polymers. 

In perfect analogy to the formation of phenol/formaldehyde resins, phenol reacts with furfural to form phenol/furfural resins. In phenol, due to its hydroxyl group, the hydrogen atoms in ortho and para positions are highly reactive. Consequently, phenol reacts with furfural to form phenol fiirfurylol ... 

The phenol/furfural resins have a greater hydrocarbon solvent tolerance than phenol/formaldehyde resins. This is an advantage in the preparation of resin solutions used for the impregnation of paper or cloth for laminating. 

The phenol/furfural resins yield products of greatly reduced brittleness. 

Petroleum polymer resins Phenol-furfural resins Phenolic resins Phenoxy resins Phthalic alkyd resins Phthalic anhydride resins Polyacrylonitrile resins Polyamide resins Polycarbonate resins Polyesters Polyethylene resins Polyhexamothylemediamine adipamide resins Polyisobutylenes Polymerization plastics, except fibers... 

One of the major uses of extraction is to separate petroleum products that have different chemical structures but about the same boiling range. Lube oil fractions (bp > 300°C) are treated with low-boiling polar solvents such as phenol, furfural, or methyl pyrrolidone to extract the aromatics and leave an oil that... 

Emission from a PVC-coated cork material is shown in Table 3.2-7. The principal emissions derive from the cork material and the binder. Horn et al. (1997) have additionally reported phenol, furfural, cyclohexanone, methyl benzoate, benzophenone and BHT emissions. Some of these, e.g. BHT, cyclohexanone and possibly phenol derive from the PVC coating. 

Fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer Melamine formaldehyde Phenol-furfural Polyphenylene oxide Polysulfone Zone 5... 

Phenol-furfural resin (wood-flour filler) 0.2-0.6... 

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