Respiratory passages

Although the nose houses and protects the cells that perceive odor, it does not direcdy participate in odor perception. The primary function of the nose is to direct a stream of air into the respiratory passages. While this function is occurring, a small fraction of the inhaled air passes over the olfactory epithelium, located 5—8 cm inside the nasal passages. This olfactory area occupies about 6.45 cm (one square inch) of surface in each side of the nose. 

To alleviate irritation in catarrh of the upper respiratory passages with a dry a ugh. 

When the drug passes through the extender, take four to six deep breaths to deliver the drug to the lower respiratory passages. 

A mucolytic is a drug that loosens respiratory secretions. An expectorant is a drug that aids in raising diick, tenacious mucus from the respiratory passages. 

Expectorants increase the production of respiratory secretions, which in turn appears to decrease the viscosity of the mucus. This helps to raise secretions from the respiratory passages. An example of an expectorant is guaifenesin. 

After administering the drug, the nurse notes any increase in sputum or change in consistency. The nurse documents, on the patient s chart, a description of the sputum raised. Fhtients with thick, tenacious mucus may have difficulty breathing. It is important to notify the primary health care provider if the patient has difficulty breathing because of an inability to raise sputum and clear the respiratory passages. 

Smooth muscle cells constitute the most diversified class of muscle cells. They are the parenchymal cells of many organs, including the uterus and other reproductive organs, gall bladder, urinary bladder, respiratory passages, etc. In all these cases,... 

Expectorant. By promoting the discharge of mucus from the respiratory passages, elder can help relieve... 

Deposited in upper respiratory passages and subsequently swallowed 0.50 0.50... 

At 4 weeks postexposure, there were no adverse effects except for irritation of upper respiratory passage (12)... 

Vapors from the solvents or actual contact can also cause irritation of the eyes and the lining, or mucous membrane, of the nose and throat. If the vapors penetrate further into the respiratory passages, these too will become irritated and cause an irritation of the back of the throat (pharyngitis), or worse still, inflammation of the bronchi (breathing tubes) in the condition of bronchitis, which we have already seen occurring with the irritant gases. 

Lindsey engendered other legends. Once, when a doctor asked some volunteers to enter a chamber filled with CS tear gas, Lindsey went right along with them and refused to come out. He found that if he could manage to tolerate the first twenty minutes or so, he would became adapted to the irritant effects and could function normally. This profoundly impressed both volunteers and staff. Ordinarily, even highly motivated soldiers would not submit to more than a few minutes - sometimes only seconds - of exposure to the painful effects of CS on eyes and respiratory passages. 

Symptoms of exposure Irritation of eyes and respiratory passages (Windholz et al, 1983). An irritation concentration of 75.00 mg/m in air was reported by Ruth (1986). 

Symptoms of exposure Exposure to vapors may cause irritation to eyes and respiratory passages (Patnaik, 1992). 

Symptoms of exposure May produce a weak narcotic effect, cardiac sensitization, and irritation of respiratory passage (Patnaik, 1992)... 

The irritant effects of sulfur dioxide are due to the rapidity with which it forms sulfurous acid on contact with moist membranes. Approximately 90% of all sulfur dioxide inhaled is absorbed in the upper respiratory passages, where most effects occur however, it may produce respiratory paralysis and may also cause pulmonary edema. In fatal cases, histopathologic examination of the lungs has revealed pulmonary edema and alveolar hemorrhage. ... 

Pharmacology Benzonatate anesthetizes stretch receptors in respiratory passages, lungs, and pleura, dampening their activity, and reducing the cough reflex. It has no inhibitory effect on the respiratory center in recommended dosage. Onset of action is... 

Thus smog is a combination of NO2 and aerosols containing salts and acids, which reduce visibility and causes acid rain. Smog also consists of O3 and partially oxidized hydrocarbons, which irritate our respiratory passages and damage plants. 

---