Pheromones sex attractant

Pheromone (sex attractant). Ether extract of the stem, produced equivocal effect on Aspiculuris tetraptera, female and male Dacus dorsalis, male Mediterranean fruit flies, and male and female melon flies " k Pheromone (signaling). Ether extract of the stem, produced equivocal effect on Aspiculuris tetraptera, female and male Dacus dorsalis, male Mediterranean fruit flies, and male and female melon flies " k Phospholipidemic effect. Oil, administered to phospholipids transfer protein knockout (PLTPO)-deficient mice, produced an increase of phospholipids and free cholesterol in the VLDL-LDL region of PLTPO mice. Accumulation of phospholipids and free cholesterol was dramatically increased in PLTPO/HLO mice compared to PLTPO mice. Turnover studies indicated that coconut oil was associated with delayed catabolism of phospholipids and phospho-lipids/free cholesterol-rich particles. Incubation of these particles with hepatocytes of coconut-fed mice produced a reduced removal of phospholipids and free cholesterol by SRBI, even though SRBI protein expression levels were unchanged . 

Figure 7 summarizes data on the release of the peachtree borer pheromone, (Z Z)-3,13-octadecadien-l-ol acetate, ODDA), from a Hereon flake over a 70-day period. Figure 8 presents similar data for release of gossyplure (1 1 (Z,E)- and (Z, Z)-7, 11-hexadecadien-l-ol acetate), the pink bollworm pheromone sex attractant, from Hereon flake over a 3-week period. Emission of pheromone is reasonably uniform in both instances. 

Products with androstenol or musks available via ads in tabloids or mail order Companies advertise on the World Wide Web pheromone/sex attractant products for men containing androstenone or androstenol as the alleged active ingredient, e.g., The Scent, The Secrete Yes Pheromone, Sex Attractant for Men, each suggesting that women will be irresistibly drawn to the wearer — with the exception of Athena 1013, no similar products for women... 

The solid alkanes from C20H42 onward are wax, tar, and asphaltic bitumen. Bitumen is used for the construction of asphalt roads. One of the uses of waxes, such as C23H48, C25H52, and C27H56, in nature is ecological. These waxes are produced by the female bees and used as pheromones (sex attractants) to attract male bees. The orchid (called the spider orchid) also produces this mixture of waxes, attracts the male bees, and makes the bees its agent of pollination. All these materials have immense importance to our well-being and, of course, to the female bees and the orchid ... 

Controlled release is important in agriculture, especially for insect control. One common example involves the pheromones, sex attractants released by insects. If you mix this attractant with an insecticide, you can wipe out all of one sex of a particular insect pest. A device for releasing one pheromone is shown schematically below. This pheromone does not subline instantaneously, but at a rate of... 

Female tiger moths signify their presence to male moths by giving off a sex attractant (pheromone) The sex attractant has been isolated and found to be a 2 methyl branched alkane having a molecular weight of 254 What is this material... 

Pheromones are commonly called sex attractants, although they have other signaling functions, too. A pheromone of the queen bee is tra s-CH3CO(CH2)5CH=CHCOOH. 

Muscalure 20, the pheromone of the housefly has been prepared from oleic acid or erucic acid, similarly (Z)-l 1-heneicosene 21, the synergist of muscalure was obtained [189]. The intermediate 22 for the pheromone of the Cabbage looper was prepared using (Z)-methyl-4-octenedioate [166bJ, that was obtained by partial ozonolysis of (Z,Z)-l,5-cyclooctadiene. Similarly disparlure 23, the sex attractant of the gypsy moth, has been synthesized by two successive crossed-couplings with (Z)-4-octene dioate [191],... 

The optically active Trogoderma -pheromones ( )- and (Z)-24have been synthesized starting from (5)-citronellol and 4-pentynoic acid [192], Alkatrienes 25, sex attractants of Lepidoptera, were prepared by mixed Kolbe electrolysis with linolenoic acid [193], 26, the pheromone of the German cockroach Blattela Germanica has been prepared from 3-methylheneicosanoic acid [194], ( ) — Tuberculostearic acid (27) has been... 

Behavioral and Hormonal Chemicals. Sex pheromones, which attract pests to traps, are used effectively to control some insect pests, like the grape berry moth (46) and cabbage looper. With other Insect pests, sex pheromones have been effectively used to monitor the size of pest insect populations to determine when pesticide treatments should be made. 

Hong, W.S., Chen, S.X., and Zhang, Q.Y. et al. (2006). Sex organ extracts and artihcial hormonal compounds as sex pheromones to attract broodfish and to induce spawning of Chinese black sleeper (Bostrichthys sinensis Lacepede). Aquaculture Research 37, 529-534. 

In recent years, there is only one example of a pheromone in solitary Apocrita being chemically identified. Chiral GC and chiral GC-EAD provided identification of (3S)-(+)-linalool 8 >99.9% e.e. as a mandibular gland mate attractant in both males and females of Colletes cunicularius. Male contact with a scented source could be initiated with 5 ng per lure (3S)-(+)-linalool, which may act as both a sex attractant and a food attractant [35]. 

Indication of a sex attractant has also been obtained for the noctuid pupal parasitoid Diapetimorpha introita (Ichneumonidae). Antennae from D. introita males gave EAG responses to diethyl ether extracts of female head, thorax or abdomen. Antennae from females did not respond to this chemical signal and male extracts elicited no activity. This suggested the presence of an extractable female-produced pheromone, to which the males respond. While live females were able to attract males, extracts were not active. This may be due to very low levels of biologically active material in the extracts [57]. 

Trichogrammatidae Trichogramma chilonis Plutella xylostella Host sex pheromone blend [attraction] (1 lZ)-Hexadec-11 -enal 31, (11Z)-hexadec-11-enyl acetate 32 (11Z)-hexadec-11 -en-1 -ol 33 [74,75]... 

Trichogramma evanescens Plodia interpunctella Ephestia spp. Host sex pheromone component [attraction, arrestment] (9Z, 12E) - Te tr ade ca- 9,12- dienyl acetate 28 [64]... 

Although not studied extensively, males of social hymenoptera certainly produce pheromones. Male ants produce aggregation pheromones that attract both sexes to mating areas [6] as well as cause virgin alates to disperse from their colony [ 6 ]. However, these have not been chemically elucidated. 

Pheromones are used as sex attractants in courtship, warning substances, or aggregation compounds (to cause members of their species to congregate). 

A total synthesis of (35, 4/ )-(+)-eldanolide (246), a sex attractant pheromone, has been reported (243). Compound 246 was synthesized by two different routes, both involving the butenolide 245 as the key precursor. The higher-yielding sequence is described here. Treatment of the tosylate acetal 242 with methanolic sodium methoxide led, as previously described by Hoffman and Ladner (244), to the epoxide 243. Addition of lithium diiso-butenylcuprate to 243 afforded 244, which after successive hydrolysis of the isopropylidene group, treatment with triethyl orthoformate, and pyrolysis,... 

ILLUSTRATION l About half the 15,000 to 20,000 hairs on this male silkworm moth s feathery antennae are specialized for detection of the female s sex attractant pheromone. 

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