Monitoring objectives

The spatial scale of a stationary network is determined by monitoring objectives. Spatial scales include microscale (1-100 m), middle scale (100 m-0.5 km), neighborhood scale (0.5-4.0 km), urban scale (4-50 km), and regional scale (tens to hundreds of km). Table 15-1 shows the relationship between spatial scale and monitoring objectives (1). 

Assessing the outcome of EN includes monitoring objective measures of body composition, protein and energy balance, and subjective outcome for physiologic muscle function and wound healing. 

Clinical improvement, especially the disappearance of fever or defervescence, is the best parameter to judge the response to therapy. However, clinical improvement can be difficult to monitor objectively in critically ill patients with multi-system disease. Also, clinical improvement can be very slow for certain infections, e.g. tuberculosis. The peripheral blood leukocyte count including the presence of early stages in leucocyte differention and the level of serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP, an acute phase protein) are parameters that can be sequentially determined to monitor improvement. For monitoring the effect of treatment of chronic infections such as endocarditis or osteomyelitis, weekly determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate has been proven useful. 

Approximate method for the inverse problem solution to identify the parameters of a monitored object... 

It is important to have the correct set of variables specified as independent and dependent to meet the modeling objectives. For monitoring objectives observed conditions, including the aforementioned independent variables (FICs, TICs, etc.) and many of the "normally" (for simulation and optimization cases) dependent variables (FIs, TIs, etc.) are specified as independent, while numerous equipment performance parameters are specified as dependent. These equipment performance parameters include heat exchanger heat transfer coefficients, heterogeneous catalyst "activities" (representing the relative number of active sites), distillation column efficiencies, and similar parameters for compressors, gas and steam turbines, resistance-to-flow parameters (indicated by pressure drops), as well as many others. These equipment performance parameters are independent in simulation and optimization model executions. 

Core and supplemental water quality indicators The design should be have appropriate levels of precision and confidence (integrating monitoring objective and type of date collected) as well as methods to control and balance possible decision errors Definition of a core set of indicators for each water resource type which can be used routinely to assess WQS... 

A starting point for these new sensor functions is the adaptive cmise control system (ACC), which has already been introduced to the market. ACC systems monitor objects that are far in front of a vehicle and their relative speeds by either RF-radar (at 11 GHz) or laser-radar sensors. Due to the current high price of this system, the market will possibly be restricted mainly to luxury cars in the next few years. Volumes are expected to grow from several hundred thousand units in 2002 to a market of more than two million systems worldwide in 2005 [6]. 

Monitoring objective(s) Surveillance Monitoring Operational Monitoring Drinking Water Protected Area (DWPA) Monitoring... 

Monitoring objectives are planned to increase to 3-5% every 5 years, by the year 1995 the qualified rate will be 65%, and by the year 2000 it will be 7C. ... 

The graphics analysis at the Fig. 6 shows that there is a dependence of the signal/noise function from the distance between the monitoring signal source and the monitoring object. 

Independent quality assurance audits of sampling sites. This should be conducted in order to (1) assess independently the accuracy and completeness of cvu rent site documentation, and (2) to assess the representativeness of each site with respect to its monitoring objectives. Site representativeness could be checked by looking at data for a number of physical parameters (turbidity, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen). 

Kaufinan S, Poupyrev I, Miller E, BUlinghurst M, Oppenheimer P, Weghorst S. New interface metaphors for complex information space visualization an ECG monitor object prototype. Stud Health Technol Inform 1997 39 131-40. 

Don t refuse analgesia simply because Chrissie misuses opiates. For severe pain, monitor objectively and discuss with the addictions service or local pain team... 

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