Laser radar

A. V. Jelahan, Laser Radar Systems, Artech House, Boston, Mass., 1992. 

Laser sources that emit in the mid-ir region of the spectmm (2—5 -lm) are useful for detection of trace gases because many molecules have strong absorption bands in that region. Other appHcations include remote sensing and laser radar. Semiconductor lead—salt (IV—VI) lasers that operate CW at a temperature of 200 K and emission wavelength of 4 p.m are commercially available however, they have relatively low output powers (<1 mW) (120). 

LIDAR An instrument that uses a laser-radar to study the concentration and location of particulate matter by the reflection or absorption of a laser beam. 

Military uses for lasers are abundant, from range-finding to guided munitions to laser aiming devices on firearms. Warfare has been revolutionized by the laser. Law enforcement uses lasers to lift hard-to-recover fingerprints and in laser radar speed guns. 

On hard-to-handle services, such as the fluidized-bed level measurement in combustion processes, there is little choice but to use radiation gauges. On slurry and sludge services, d/p units with extended diaphragms eliminate the dead-ended cavity and bring the sensing diaphragm flush with the inner surface of the tank. Other level transmitters that can be considered for hard-to-handle services include the capacitance/RF, laser, radar, sonic, and TDR types. 

Out of eV physics have come electricity and magnetism, telegraphy, telephony, the electric light and power industry, stationary and propulsion electric motors, radio, television, lasers, radar and microwave ovens, to name just a few. 

IwASAKA Y., Hayashida S., and Ono A., Increased backscattered light from the stratospheric aerosol layer after Mt. El Chichon eruption laser radar measurements at Nagoya (35 N, 137 E). Geophys. Res. Lett. , 10, 440-442 (1983). 

A starting point for these new sensor functions is the adaptive cmise control system (ACC), which has already been introduced to the market. ACC systems monitor objects that are far in front of a vehicle and their relative speeds by either RF-radar (at 11 GHz) or laser-radar sensors. Due to the current high price of this system, the market will possibly be restricted mainly to luxury cars in the next few years. Volumes are expected to grow from several hundred thousand units in 2002 to a market of more than two million systems worldwide in 2005 [6]. 

H-G. Eberle, J. Beuthan, M. Dierolf, D. Felsenberg, W. Gowin, G. Muller, Investigations of the application of a laser radar photogoniometer in the diagnosis of osteoporosis, Proc. SPIE 3259, 144-153 (1998)... 

K. Maatta, J. Kostamovaara, A high precision time-to-digital converter for pulsed time-of-flight laser radar applications, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Mesurement 47, 521-536 (1998)... 

J. Werner, K.W. Rothe, H. Walther, Monitoring of the stratospheric ozone layer by laser radar. Appl. Phys. B 32, 113 (1983)... 

Optical heterodyne detection has become of practical use for systems in which the signal source is a laser, for example, in optical communication systems [2.123] and laser radar [2.124]. Teich [2.125] and Arams et al. [2.126] have reviewed the theoretical basis and experimental results. Keyes and Quist [2.127] include a discussion of optical heterodyne detection in their review of coherent detection. 

As an example of three-frequency nonlinear heterodyne detection, we consider a CO2 laser radar operating at 10.6 (un in the infrared [7.14,61,62] (see Fig. 7.3). If we assume that we wish to acquire and track a 1-m-radius satellite with a... 

Hungary Chemical Agent Sensor GVJ-2 - Ion mobility spectrometric detection of nerve and blister agents Remote Chemical Agent Sensor VTB-1 - Field deployable laser radar for the detection of chemical warfare agents... 

Kugel, H. W., D. Loesser, A. L. Roquemore, M. M. Menon, and R. E. Barry, 2001, Precision Metrology of NSTX Surfaces Using Coherent Laser Radar Ranging, Review of Scientific Instruments, 72(1), 533-536 (January). 

Menon, M. M., and A. Slotwinski, 2004, Novel Doppler Laser Radar for Diagnostics in Fusion Reactors, Review of Scientific Instruments, 75,4100-4102. 

Typical optical power output levels in standard singlestripe diode lasers are on the order of several milliwatts. These power levels are adequate for many commercial applications that use diode lasers, such as fiber communications, optical discs, etc. However, for many other applications, such as optical pumping, optical time-domain re-flectometry, laser radar, and nonlinear optics, these power levels are not sufficient. 

Since the 1990 s, technological advances, such as laser, radar, and Global Positioning Systems, have been used to guide smart bombs and fire-and-forget missile systems, which have lessened the importance of field artillery. 

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