Moderate risk research

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET CLASS I A type of fume hood with an open face and fixed opening. Air is drawn in from the room and exhausted through the hood. This design is good for personnel protection but not protection of the research products. Suitable for LOW RISK or MODERATE RISK biological agents. 

Recent breakthroughs in miniaturized analytical instrumentation include fully integrated lab-on-a-chip and micro total analysis systems. The former have had only moderate success as many analytical chemists have been reluctant to accept them [67]. At present, chip-based analytical systems are subject to major shortcomings such as the risk of analyte adsorption on walls and at interfaces — which is important especially in low-volume analytical systems — and optical interference at the walls of the chips hampering detection. Further research in this field is required in order to effectively circumvent these shortcomings [68]. 

T Research has shown that moderate use of alcohol is correlated with reduced risk of heart disease. 

Brief interventions can be as simple as feedback about the consequences of heavy alcohol use for a person (for example, You have some liver problems, and we can trace it to your drinking ) or advice to cut down or stop drinking. They are based on the idea that alcohol problems exist on a continuum of severity and that interventions can occur at any point along that continuum. The research has shown that for the most part brief interventions have been used with people who have mild to moderate alcohol problems they are effective compared to no treatment in reducing alcohol consumption to below risk levels. There is some speculation about who is most helped by brief interventions and why they work. These clearly are topics for future research. 

Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk Systematic error in prospective studies. Addiction Theory and Research, 14, 101-132. 

Rowe DC, Jacobson KC, van den Ooord JCG 1999 Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ parental education level as a moderator. Child Dev 70 1151-1162 Rutter M 1994 Temperament changing concepts and implications. In Carey WB, McDevitt SC (eds) Prevention and early intervention individual differences as risk factors in the mental health of children. Brunner/Mazel, New York, p 23-34 Rutter M, Madge N 1976 Cycles of disadvantage a review of research. Heinemann Educational, London... 

In another survey conducted by the clinical section of the British Pharmacological Society over a one-year period from 1986 to 1987, 8163 healthy volunteers received drugs for research purposes.Potentially life-threatening adverse effects were reported in 0-04% and moderately severe adverse effects in 0-55%, with no lasting sequelae. The three severe reactions were skin irritation and rash requiring hospitalisation, anaphylactic shock after an oral vaccine, and perforation of a duodenal ulcer after multiple-dose non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug all made a complete recovery. The results were similar to those reported in the earlier ABPI survey and the authors concluded that the risk involved in these studies is very small... 

Process improvement projects may involve some laboratory research, pilot plant, or plant studies to reduce operating expenses and to improve overall process efficiency. These projects are more expensive and of longer duration than product improvement projects. The assurance of generating a greater return is not present, so there is a higher (moderate) level of risk, and the minimum acceptable return is higher than in the previous case. 

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