Mixed Cigarette smoking

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a colorless, highly poisonous gas or liquid (below 26.7 °C) having an odor of bitter almonds (Hartung 1994 Pesce 1994). It is a weak acid. Exposures may occur in industrial situations as well as from cigarette smoke and combustion products and from naturally occurring cyanide compounds in foods. There is a potential for exposure when any acid is mixed with a cyanide salt. Intravenously administered sodium nitroprusside (Na2[Fe(CN)5N0]-2H20) has been used clinically to lower blood pressure (Schulz et al. 1982). Chemical and physical properties are listed in Table 5-2. 

MAO inhibition. 2-Naphthylamine from smoke, in cell culture, inhibited mouse brain MAO A and B by mixed competitive-and noncompetitive-type inhibition . Mastocytoma induction. Cigarette smoke condensate suspensions ( tars ) from differ-... 

Pancreatic effect. Cigarette smoke, administered to anesthetized rats alone or in combination with iv ethanol infusion, reduced pancreatic blood flow temporarily and increased leukocyte-endothelium interaction (roller p < 0.001, sticker p < 0.01 vs baseline). Cigarette smoke potentiated the impairment of pancreatic capillary perfusion caused by ethanol, and both the number of rolling leukocytes and myeloperoxidase activity levels were increased compared with ethanol or nicotine administration alone h Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, administered to rats, induced pancreatic acinar cell and ductal cell neoplasms. One of the tumors had a mixed ductal-squamous-islet cell components . 

Artificial vanilla flavoring is a solution of pure synthesized vanillin, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. Mixtures of vanillin with other toxicants enhance mutagenic effects 31 and produce synergistic inhibition of lignocellulose degradation when mixed with catechol. 32 Vanillin potentiates the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride. 331 Mixtures of vanillin and cigarette smoke condensates induce sister-chromatid exchanges. 34 ... 

Burnt chlorofluorocarbons Burnt paint fumes Carpet emissions Cigarette smoke Cleaning products Diesel fumes Epoxies Mixed solvents Paint fumes Pesticide sprays... 

Some chemicals can have multiple effects on fertility. Alkaloids in cigarette smoke, nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine, administered alone or as a mixed aqueous extract of cigarette smoke, for example, inhibit progesterone synthesis and have a cytotoxic effect that reduces the fertilization, implantation, and embryonic viability. I7... 

The change in the particle size distribution function with time for coagulating cigarette smoke has been measured by Keith and Derrick (1960), Smoke issuing from a cigarette was rapidly mixed with clean air, and the mixture was introduced into a 12-liter flask... 

There is no evidence linking smoking marijuana with use of harder drugs. However, mixing hashish with tobacco can lead to cigarette smoking, a potentially deadly addiction. 

Ketamine is most commonly sold to pharmacies and veterinary clinics in a clear liquid form (Figure 6.1). Illegal users of ketamine inject the drug intravenously or intramuscularly, mix it into a drink, or dip tobacco or marijuana cigarettes into the liquid prior to smoking them. Ketamine liquid is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. This liquid can be easily converted to a white powder by allowing the liquid to evaporate and then collecting the powder residue. This powder can also be mixed into drinks, snorted, or smoked. A typical dose of ketamine costs 20- 25 on the street. 

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