Smoking issues

Figure 107. Concentration of Settled Smoke Issuing from a Tall Stack. Note Position of Maximum Concentration Downwind. Data from Bosanquet and Pearson (1936).

Tw o methods were employed to generate smoke screens at sea. One, ii ed by the British and American navies, was the simple expedient of limiting the admission of air to fires under ships boilers, so that, owing to incomplete combustion of the fuel, a dense black smoke issued from the funnels. This was done as early as August, 1913, in the course of United States Navy maneuvers off Long Island ... 

The change in the particle size distribution function with time for coagulating cigarette smoke has been measured by Keith and Derrick (1960), Smoke issuing from a cigarette was rapidly mixed with clean air, and the mixture was introduced into a 12-liter flask... 

My dear sir—was the smoke issuing from the end of my cigarette—the same as that I respired— good word that—from my lungs ... 

In a discussion of the various lists of tumorigenic components in tobacco and tobacco smoke issued between 1986 and... 

A PCB transformer fire has also occurred in the transformer vault at One Market Plaza, San Francisco. The vault contained three transformers. Soot laden smoke issued from the sidewalk grating adjacent to the building for about three hours and contaminated the switch gear room and some areas of the adjacent parking garage. Analysis of the soot collected in the vault showed the presence of the same classes of compounds as found in the Binghamton incident. The conversion efficiency of PCBs to PCDFs and PCDDs seemed to have occurred with approximately the same efficiency as in Binghamton. 

In September 1983, a fire occurred in a transformer vault under the plaza on the same block as the First National Bank building in Chicago. Smoke issued from a sidewalk grating for about 45 min. but, fortunately, significant PCB contamination was limited to the vault. 

Zirconium-burning tests result in clouds of smoke issuing from the test chamber, indicating that large quantities of aerosols may be generated during the oxidation. Such aerosols may have a tendency to accelerate the plateout of fission products within the reactor coolant system. 

To understand the approaches for solving flammability and smoke issues, one must understand how a fire propagates. Fortunately, there are usually several pathways to achieve the desired fire ratings, and the reasons for and against each system will be discussed. The simplest way to show this is in the triangle of flame propagation (Fig. 9.3). All three aspects of this triangle must be present in the correct proportions... 

Cables are available in a variety of constmctions and materials, in order to meet the requirements of industry specifications and the physical environment. For indoor usage, such as for Local Area Networks (LAN), the codes require that the cables should pass very strict fire and smoke release specifications. In these cases, highly dame retardant and low smoke materials are used, based on halogenated polymers such as duorinated ethylene—propylene polymers (like PTFE or FEP) or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Eor outdoor usage, where fire retardancy is not an issue, polyethylene can be used at a lower cost. 

It should be explained to the participants that the purpose of the quiz is not to examine their level of knowledge about such topics as drugs, alcohol, smoking and other forms of risky behaviour but rather to encourage them to consider such issues and check out the... 

To enable the examination of issues that affect smoking decisions. 

UIC. 1997. Most smoke detectors contain an artificially produced radioisotope americium-241. Americium-241 is made in nuclear reactors, and is a decay product of plutonium-241. Uranium Information Center. Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper 35. http //www.uic.com.au/nip35.htm. January 27, 2000. 

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