Minerals determination

The production of cerium derivatives begins with ore beneficiation and production of a mineral concentrate. Attack on that concentrate to create a suitable mixed lanthanide precursor for later separation processes follows. Then, depending on the relative market demand for different products, there is either direct production of a cerium-rich material, or separation of the mixed lanthanide precursor into individual pure lanthanide compounds including compounds of pure cerium, or both. The starting mineral determines how the suitable mixed lanthanide precursor is formed. In contrast the separation... 

Davies, R. and Prcece, A.W. (1983). The electrophoretic mobilities of minerals determined by laser Doppler velocimetry and their relationship with the biological effects of dusts towards macrophages. Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas. 4, 129-140,... 

The chemical composition and crystal structure of a mineral determine its physical and optical properties. The diamond crystalline lattice structure (Fig. 4.3.2)... 

Wagner, T., Boyce, A. J., and Fallick, A. E. (2002). Laser combustion analysis of <534S of sulfosalt minerals determination of the fractionation systematics and some crystal-chemical considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66 2855-2863. 

This eliminated enough of the carbon to get readable patterns. The major minerals determined were quartz, calcite, kaolinite, and chlorite. The most obvious and abundant mineral, quartz, decreased in relative amounts toward the center of the xenolith, and this trend was apparent in all the other minerals. Diffraction patterns of the ash from the whole coke, in general, showed the same mineral decrease trend except, of course, no calcite at all was detectable. Calcination or emission of carbon dioxide from calcite occurs at 898°C. (7), significantly below the ashing temperature of 950°C. 

Fig. 4.4.14. Hardness anisotropy of some minerals determined by the dynamic abrasion method ...

Fig. 4.4.12. Interrelation of Mohs scale hardness classes after Khrushchev and abrasiveness determined in the Mackensen blower, chamber capacity 28 cm3, pressure 0.15 MPa. Shaded region shows the scatter range of hardness classes of Mohs scale minerals determined by Povarennykh.

Minerals. Determinations of inorganic constituents (e.g. total ash, alkalinity of the ash) are classical methods for estimating juice content of citrus juices and beverages. Refinements were made to correct for inorganic sulfites, benzoates and phosphates used as adulterants or preservatives (34). 

The fact that the hydrogen ion is an important chemical species in these reactions is indicative of the major role that carbonic acid plays in influencing the pH and buffer capacity of natural waters. Furthermore, the activity of the carbonate anion in part determines the degree of saturation of natural waters with respect to carbonate minerals. Determination of the activity or concentration of CO32- is not an easy task nevertheless, it is necessary to the interpretation of a myriad of processes, including carbonate mineral and cement precipitation-dissolution and recrystallization reactions. 

Three studies were carried out in our laboratory in cooperation with the Food, Nutrition, and Institution Administration Department of the University of Maryland. The purpose of these studies was to determine mineral balances in adult human subjects when fiber in fruits and vegetables was added to the diet. Zinc was one of the minerals determined. The effects of the diet containing fiber were compared with those of a low fiber diet in which fruit and vegetable juices replaced the fruits and vegetables. In the first study, spinach was included in the diet containing fiber in fruits and vegetables. In the second study, cauliflower, which is low in oxalic acid, replaced the spinach. 

Charnock, J. M., C. D. Garner, R.. A. D. Pattrick, and D. J. Vaughan (1989a). Coordination sites of metals in tetrahedrite minerals determined by EXAFS. Journ. Solid State Chem. 82, 271-89. 

Table III. Major and Minor Minerals Determined by X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Sediments and Low-Temperature Ash of Coal ...

Mathez E. A., Blade J. D., Beery J., Maggiore C., and Hollander M. (1984) Carbon abundances in mantle minerals determined by nuclear reaction analysis. Geophys. Res. Lett. 11, 947-950. 

Mean (range) in weight percent of the dry coal. tContent of clay minerals determined by difference. 

Hang, P.T., and G.W. Brindley. 1970. Methylene blue adsorption by clay minerals. Determination of surface areas and cation exchange capacities. Clay Clay Miner. 18 203-212... 

Both an automatic peak-picking routine in the processing software and visual inspection are used to identify peaks. Chemical shifts are then compared with literature reports. Table 2.1 shows some of the biological phosphorus compounds identihed in NMR studies of environmental samples, while Table 2.2 shows peak shifts for phosphorus minerals determined by solid-state spectroscopy. Although this chapter focuses on organic phosphorus, the overlap of peak shifts for biological and mineral phosphorus compounds must be noted. This may complicate the identification of phosphorus species in solid-state spectroscopy, because both biological and mineral phosphorus forms may be present. To further confirm peak shifts, standards such as methylene diphosphonic acid may be added directly to the sample or included as capillary tube inserts in solution NMR (e.g. Koopmans et aL, 2003). 

Sato, Y. (1977) Equation of State of Mantle Minerals Determined through High-Pressure X-Ray Study, in M.H. Manghnani and S. Akrmoto (eds.), High-Pressure Research — Applications in Geophysics, Academic Press, New York, 307-323. 

The important group of fatty alcohol ethoxylates is readily biodegradable (Table 22.16). The ultimate degradation measured by Coupled Units Tests ranges between 93 and 96%. The mineralization determined in a... 

There are various methods of mineral determination available, and they can be used according to the analytical characteristic that best suits the objectives of the analyst accuracy, sensitivity, detection limit, specificity, and interferences. Other factors to take into account are the costs of the complete analysis, instrumental availability, and time necessary for analysis. 

Table 5 Mineral determination using methods different from atomic spectroscopic methods ...

Table 6 Mineral determination using atomic spectroscopic techniques ...

Hang, P. T., and G. W. Brindley. 1970. Methylene bine absorption by clay minerals. Determination of surface areas and cation exchange capacities (Clay-organic studies XVni). Clays and Clay Minerals 18,no.4 203-212.doi 10.1346/CCMN.1970.0180404. Harris, D. C. 2010. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 8th ed. New York W. H. Freeman. Hasselldv, M., F. V. D. Kammer, and R. Beckett. 2007. Characterization of aquatic colloids and macromolecules by filed-flow fractionation. In Environmental Colloids and Particles Behaviour, Separation and Characterisation, ed. K. J. Wilkinson and J. R. Lead, 223-276.1st ed. Chichester, UK Wiley. 

Specific Surface Areas (m g-i) of Some Clay Minerals Determined by Adsorption of Different Probe Molecules ... 

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