Clay, clays

Cavallaro N., McBride M.B. Effect of selective dissolution on pH-dependent charge in acid soil clays. Clays Clay Miner. 1984b 32 283-290. 

Boyd SA, Shaobai S, Lee JF, Mortland MM (1988b) Pentachlorophenol sorption by organo-clays. Clays Clay Miner 36 125-130... 

U. (1978) Amorphous and crystalline titanium and iron-titanium oxides in synthetic preparations, at near ambient conditions, and in soil clays. Clays Clay Min. 26 189-201 Fitzpatrick, R.W. Naidu, R. Self, P.G. (1992)... 

Oades, J.M. (1984) Interactions of polycations of aluminum and iron with clays. Clays Clay Min. 32 49-57... 

Montarges, E., L. J. Michot, F. Lhote, T. Fabien, and F. Villieras. 1995. Intercalation of Al13-polyethyleneoxide complexes into montmorillonite clay. Clays Clay Min. 43 417-426. 

Chiou, C. T., and D. W. Rutherford. 1997. Effect of exchanged cation and layer charge on the sorption of water and EGME vapors on montmorillonite clays. Clays Clay Miner. 45 867-880. 

Carson, C.D., Kittrick, J.A., Dixon, J.B., and McKee, T.R. Stability of soil smectite from a Houston black clay. Clays Clay Min. 151-155 (1976). 

Moore D. M. and Hughes R. E. (2000) Ordovician and Pennsylvanian berthierine-bearing flint clays. Clays Clay Min. 48, 145-149. 

Aacaard, P., and H. C. Helceson. 1983. Activity/composi-tion relations among silicates and aqueous solutions n. Chemical and thermodynamic consequences of ideal mixing of atoms on homological sites in montmoril-lonites, illites, and mixed-layer clays. Clays Clay Afiner-fl/.r31 3) 207-17. 

Eberl, D. and Hower, J., 1977. The hydrothermal transformation of sodium and potassium smectite into mixed-layer clay. Clays Clay Miner., 25 215—227. 

Galassi, C.. Gosta, A.L., and Pozzi, P., Influence of ionic environment and pH on the electrokinetic properties of ball clays. Clays Clay Miner., 49, 263, 2001. 

Mingelgrin, U. and S. Salzman. 1979. Surface reactions of parathion on clays. Clays Clay Min. 27, 72-78. 

Mesri, G., Olson, R.E., 1971. Mechanisms controUing the permeability of clays. Clay Clay Miner. 19, 151-158. 

Johansen, R. T., and H. N. Dunning, 1959. Water-vapor adsorption on clays. Clays Clay Min, Proc. 6th Natl. Conf. New York/London/Paris/Los Angeles Pergamon Press, pp. 249-258. 

Clays. Clay, which is generally considered a mild reinforcing filler, is used sparingly in tires. It is most often used in white sidewalls or in low performance tires. Clay toimage in tires worldwide is estimated at 36,000 t annually. Clay can also be coupled to mbber with silanes, and this is the more popular version used in tires. Even with silane coupling, clays are still a weak reinforcing filler compared to both carbon black and siUca. 

Etibank is the sole producer of boron minerals and derivatives in Turkey, which is second in production only to the United States. The open-pit Kirka mine in the Eskisehir Province is the only source of Turkish sodium borate ore. A tincal concentrate is produced from ore that has been blasted and carried in tmcks to the concentration plant. The ore is screened and cmshed to reduce it to —100 mm and then hammer milled to —25 mm. The stockpiled material is further milled and screened to 6 mm. A fraction of +1 mm (+18 mesh, U.S. Standard) is washed and classified to remove fine clay. Clay is removed from the —1 mm faction bypassing it through cyclones and then through a classifier. This material is centrifuged and combined with the washed + 1 mm faction to produce a final product which is a —6 mm concentrate having 6—8 wt % moisture and 32% 2 3 1987 production was... 

J. K. Ciowley andN. Veigo, Clays Clay Miner. 36, 310—316 (1988). 

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