Processing software

The sweeping test, following X, Y and Z axes, on the aluminum plate containing four standard defects and the processing software comparing between the impedance variation of the sane reference and the sample to be controlled allow the reconstitution of an image of the piece. 

We used a SUN SPARCstation with commercially available image processing software (AGFA Mimosa and Musica). The images were treated for visual inspection applying the Musica algorithm full force /3/. 

In the evaluation post processing software the stored UT-data can be presented as A-,B- and C-scans. The C-scan can be presented with Top-, End- and Side views. 

Equipment technology and processing software for FTIR are very robust and provide a high degree of reliability. Concerns arise for only the most demanding applications. For quantitative work on an isolated feature in the spectrum, the rule of thumb is that the spectrometer resolution be one-tenth the width of the band. FTIR instruments routinely meet that requirement for solids. 

The composite envelope is then plotted over the envelope of each individual peak. It is seen that the actual retention difference, if taken from the maxima of the envelope, will give a value of less than 80% of the true retention difference. Furthermore as the peaks become closer this error increases rapidly. Unfortunately, this type of error is not normally taken into account by most data processing software. It follows that, if such data was used for solute identification, or column design, the results can be grossly in error. 

The requirement does not mean that you need to validate all your word-processing software or any other special aids you use. Maintenance means retaining in an operational condition and you can do this by following some simple rules. 

Ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth is determined by using gas chromatography (HP 5890 series II with HP Chemstation data processing software, Hewlett-Packard, Avondale, PA) with a Poropak Q Column, and a Hewlett-Packard model 3380A integrator. A flame ionisation detector (FID) is used to determine ethanol. The oven temperature is maintained at 180 °C, and the injector and detector temperature are maintained at 240 °C. The sample taken from the fermentation media has to be filtered and any internal standard must be added for analysis based on internal standard methods otherwise, the area under the peak must be compared with known standard samples for calculation based on external standard methods. 

Modem data processing software includes routines that can be used to obtain accurate quantitative results from chromatograms where the components of the sample are incompletely resolved. The routines, in fact, deconvolute the individual peaks from the composite envelope and calculate the area of the individual de-convoluted peaks. Such algorithms can be used very effectively on peaks that are entrained in the tail of a major peak but are not so accurate for composite envelopes containing many unresolved peaks. 

All the results shown in this chapter were processed with Yorick which is a free data processing software available for Unix, MacOS/X and MS-Windows. The yorick home site is ftp //ftp-icf. llnl. gov/pub/Yorick. 

Velocity maps of simple or complex liquids, emulsions, suspensions and other mixtures in various geometries provide valuable information about macroscopic and molecular properties of materials in motion. Two- and three-dimensional spin echo velocity imaging methods are used, where one or two dimensions contain spatial information and the remaining dimension or the image intensity contains the information of the displacement of the spins during an observation time. This information is used to calculate the velocity vectors and the dispersion at each position in the spatially resolved dimensions with the help of post-processing software. The range of observable velocities depends mainly on the time the spins... 

There are many other pieces of processing software out there, some good, some bad. If you don t have any and you need some, it is worth having a look around to see what is available. In our experience, you tend to get what you pay for and the more expensive software is generally better. However, one of the cheaper packages may do just what you want, in which case you have a bargain Table 14.1 lists some of the more well known packages. 

Computers and word processing software have made the art of... 

Advanced heat-transfer fluid, 13 276-278 Advanced image processing software, 16 487... 

In practice, modern data-processing software applications perform these calculations very rapidly [23,24]. These algorithms are capable of deconvolving the relatively simple envelope of peaks generated by ESI of a single protein, or complex spectra produced by protein mixtures. 

Over the past decade, instrumentation has undergone substantial developments in the areas of optics, electronics and data processing software. These have led to improvements in the reliability, accuracy and ease of use of associated instruments. Particularly, the introduction of fiber optics has allowed a greater degree of flexibility in application areas. These include, for example, measurement of oil droplet dispersion in the ocean, on-line monitoring of... 

The computer system attached to the instrument provides instrument control, data acquisition, data processing, and reporting. According to the draft Analytical Instrument Qualification chapter of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) <1058> The manufacturer should perform design qualification, validate the software and provide users with a summary of the validation. At the user site, holistic qualification that involves the entire instrument and software system is more efficient than modular validation of the software alone. Therefore the user qualifies the instrument control, data acquisition and processing software by qualifying the instrument. ... 

Those results show that HREM combing with image processing software is an alternative way (but depending on sofisticted equipment like PEG TEM) to arrive to similar results regarding light atom localization. 

Usually the number of charges on an ion will not be known, but it can be calculated using a formula based on two different ions appearing in the spectrum. Actually, the molecular mass of a sample can be calculated automatically, or semiautomatically, by the processing software associated with the mass spectrometer. Experimentally, the automatic calculation of molecular mass is very helpful because a complex peptide or protein mixture will display an m/z spectrum with several overlapping series of multiply charged ions. 

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