Juice estimate

In this, besides the specific gravity, sugar, water, non-sugar, salts and quotient of purity—determined as with diffusion juice—estimations of the alkalinity and lime are necessary. As a rule, invert sugar is not determined, as it is not present owing to the alkalinity of the juice. 

Jejunal juice. IgG-globulin is readily digested so that samples require immediate inhibition of proteases (1 drop of 10% EACA and Trasylol) if IgG is to be assessed. IgM seems less readily digested and secretory IgA is unaffected. It is too early to fully evaluate jejunal juice estimations, but it can be said that excessive content of IgM is nearly always found in untreated celiac disease (D7). High immunoglobulin, albumin, and transferrin levels are easily demonstrated in protein-losing states (offer a simple alternative to I-PVP), and with samples taken at different levels can delineate the area affected. Since juice can be sampled at the same time as biopsies, I believe jejunal juice estimations will have a useful future. 

Daily consumption of various fruits, vegetables, and derived juices contributes to human intake of carotenoids. The estimation of carotenoid intakes has been made possible throngh publication of the qnalitative and qnantitative carotenoid contents of commonly consnmed foods. Average intake estimates in the United States are around 6.5 mg/day. In seven conntries in Enrope, the average total carotenoid intake based on the snm of the five carotenoids was approximately 14 mg/day. When dietary source of carotenoids were analyzed, carrots appeared as the major sonrces of p-carotene in all conntries except Spain, where spinach was the main contribntor. 

Hardness is an estimation of the required force to penetrate jelly (peak force during the first bite). The results showed that jellies prepared with non-amidated pectin had such a low hardness that values could not be measured in the used instrumental conditions. Therefore the non-amidated pectin will not be considered in the other parameters interpretation. This fact agrees with the general information that non-amidated pectins usually require more calcium ions than those already present in the juice for a good gelation (Pedersen, 1980 Pilgrim et al, 1991). 

During the maceration, three products were distinguished (1) residual parenchyma, (2) pulp which consisted of free cells, and (3) juice which containted soluble pectins and oligouronides. Each of these products was estimated by its content of Alcohol Insoluble Solid (AIS). 

Keeping the treated juices at 4 °C for 24 h, they presented two separate phases a dense precipitate and a clear supernatant. The latter was used for the alcohol tests. 1 mL of a 90% ethanol solution containing 0.05 M hydrochloric acid was added to 0.5 mL of the supernatant. The depectinisation efficiency is qualitatively estimated from the presence and the characteristics of the precipitate. 

The zone elution method has been used for quantitative estimation or recovery of heavy metals in plants and vegetable juices [29], mercury (11) in river and waste waters [52], zinc in different environmental samples [46], nickel and copper in alloys [53], zirconium in Mg-Al alloys [22], cobalt, zinc, nickel, and copper in natural water and alloy samples [54], thiocyanate in spiked photogenic waste water [55], and aluminum in bauxite ores [42],... 

Fig. 18.6. Midazolam administration with and without grapefruit juice (CFJ) treatment [41]. Midazolam (15 mg tablet) was administered to eight male subjects (average body weight 82 kg) before and after consumption of two glasses (200 mL each) of CFJ, 1 h before drug administration. QMPRPIus was used to estimate human effective permeability (12 x 10 4 cm s 1), pure aqueous water...

For the concentration of fruit juice by evaporation, it is proposed to use a falling-film evaporator and to incorporate a heat-pump cycle with ammonia as the medium. The ammonia in vapour form enters the evaporator at 312 K and the water is evaporated from the juices at 287 K. The ammonia in the vapour—liquid mixture enters the condenser at 278 K and the vapour then passes to the compressor. It is estimated that the work required to compress the ammonia is 150 kJ/kg of ammonia and that 2.28 kg of ammonia is cycled/kg water evaporated. The following proposals are made for driving the compressor ... 

Worked Example 10.1 The following data refer to the adsorption of the red-mauve dye from beetroot juice on porcelain at 25 °C. (1) Show that the data obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. (2) Demonstrate that 1.2 x 10 8 mol of dye adsorb to form a mono-layer. (3) Estimate the area of a single dye molecule if the radius of a plate was 17.8 cm (we assume the formation of a complete monolayer). 

In this particular assay the malic acid present in the cherry juice is estimated by the following three steps sequentially ... 

FAD. FMN AND RF CONCENTRATION (juG/L) FOR WINES. BEERS AND FRUIT JUICES AND THE ESTIMATE OF THE AVERAGE INTENSITY OF THE DEFECT SUNLIGHT FLAVOUR AFTER EXPOSURE TO LIGHT OF SAMPLES... 

Fairly extensive pesticide programs could be put into practice on approximately 8,000,000 of the estimated 15,000,000 acres that are in sugar production throughout the world. Weeds, diseases, insects, rats, and the bacteria that cause inversion in freshly expressed juice and the pesticides now in use for their control are discussed. Estimates are given of the amounts now in use, that probable in future use, and the possible maximum use. 

Loss of sucrose due to inversion by bacteria during the time between crushing the cane and processing the juice is considered serious. A very conservative estimate places the annual loss for Cuba, if uncontrolled, at 75,000 long tons of sugar. This loss can be drastically reduced by spraying Steri-Chlor 4X into the juice immediately after extraction at the rate of 10 pounds per 1000 tons of cane. The practice is now common and offers a potential market for approximately 450,000 pounds of such a product in Cuba and probably at least that much in other areas. Demands in- the near future should approximate 250,000 pounds and eventually should approach a maximum of 1,000,000 pounds. 

Naulet et al. [223] compared three chromatographic techniques lEC on an automatic amino acid analyzer, HPLC (with phenylisothiocyanate derivatization) and GC for the determination of the free amino acid content in 64 orange juices from different countries. The consistency of the different methods was estimated by considering the mean standard deviation for the set of amino acids observed. The best consistency was observed between lEC and HPLC. 

A comprehensive and critical review of food flavonoid literature has led to the development of a food composition database for flavonols, flavones, procyanidins, catechins, and flava-nones. This database can now be used and continuously updated to estimate flavonoid intake of populations, to identify dietary sources of flavonoids, and to assess associations between flavonoid intake and disease. However, there is a need for better food composition data for flavones, procyanidins, and flavanones as current literature is sparse particularly for citrus fruits, fruit juices, and herbs. In addition, anthocyanin food composition data are lacking although validated methods of determination are becoming available. 

While potato tuber is an important source of starch, it also contains 30-35 g buffer-extractable protein per kg dry weight (Pots et al., 1999). Protein yield per hectare of potatoes has been estimated as 500-1000 kg. The aqueous solution remaining after industrial potato starch manufacture, i.e., the potato fruit juice, contains approximately 1.5% (w/v) of soluble protein, mainly... 

---