Mineral spirits, toluene

Polyaddition adhesives include epoxy and polyurethane polymers which can either be 100% solids, water-based, reactive or non-reactive hot melts or contain solvents mostly to regulate viscosity. Typical solvents include methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, mineral spirits, toluene, and xylene. Polycondensation adhesives include phenol-formaldehyde resin, polyamides, polyesters, silicones and polyimides. With the exception of polyesters (which require ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone as solvents) and polyimides (which require... 

Sealants are divided into groups according to the generic names of polymer base. The main groups include polyurethanes, silicones, acrylics, polysulfide and others (PVC, polybutylene, styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers, polychloroprene, and several others). The amount of solvent used in sealants is controlled by the standards which previously divided sealants into two groups these below 10% VOC and those above. Recently, a provision was made to include water-based acrylics and the limit of VOC for class A sealants was increased to 20%. Polyurethane sealants and structural adhesives can be made without solvent (the first solvent-free polyurethane sealant was made in 1994). Solvents are added to reduce sealant viscosity and to aid in the manufacture of polymer. Typical solvents used are mineral spirits, toluene, and xylene. A small amount of solvent is emitted from curatives... 

Acrylic sealants are water-based but they may also contain ethylene and propylene glycols, mineral spirits and mineral oil. There are also solvent-based aerylie sealants which contain substantial amounts of solvents sueh as mineral spirits, toluene and xylene. Polysulfide sealants usually contain toluene but methyl ethyl ketone is also used. The group of class B sealants contains substantially more solvents (up to 40% by volume) but there are some exceptions. PVC sealants are based on plastisols and they ean be made without solvents. Butyl rubber based sealants usually eontain hydroearbons (Q-Cn). Styrene-buta-diene-styrene based sealants usually have a large amount of solvents seleeted from a group including toluene, heptane, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, isobutyl isobutyrate, n-amyl acetate, n-amyl ketone. They are usually processed in solvent mixtures. Polyehloroprene is usually dissolved in a mixture of solvents ineluding ketones or esters, and aromatie and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The list includes naphtha, hexane, aeetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, and toluene. 

The chlorosilane blend is mixed with inert solvents such as mineral spirits, toluene, or chlorinated hydrocarbons, or esters such as butyl acetate, and then hydrolyzed. Because the hydrolysis reaction can be complicated by the formation of insoluble gels, special care must be taken with respect to the choice and concentration of solvent, temperature. 

Precision—The precision statements are based on an interlaboratory study in which analysts in each of six laboratories analyzed seven hydrocarbon solvent samples, including heptane, VM P naphtha, mineral spirits, toluene, and aromatic solvent 100 on two different days. To each solvent, initially containing essentially no benzene, 0.1 to 0.5 volume % benzene was added. The within-laboratory standard deviation was found to be 0.0094 % absolute with 42 df and the between-laboratory standard deviation was 0.022 % absolute with 49 df. Based on these standard deviations, the following criteria should be used forjudging the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidence level ... 

Chem. Descrip. High m.w. surfactant in mineral spirits/toluene Uses Defoamer for high vise, paints and mastics, urethane epoxy, and sanding sealers... 

Solvents for A-type inks are aUphatic hydrocarbons, for example, hexane, textile spidts, Apco Thinner, lactane, VM P (varnish makers and painters ) naphtha, and mineral spirits. Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene are solvents for B-type inks. Generally, a blend of aUphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons is commonly used for this type of ink. 

Acryloid E-10, 40% in mineral thinner (Rohm Haas) fluorescent pigment lactol spirits toluene... 

SO as to end the air mixture to adsorber No. 2. The system is then fully automatic. Solvents which have been successfully recovered by the activated carbon adsorption method include methanol, ethanol, butanol, chlorinated hydrocarbons including perchlorethylene, which boils at 121 C (250 °F), ethyl ether, isopropyl ether, the acetates up to amyl acetate, benzene, toluene, xylene, mineral spirits, naphtha, gasoline, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, hexane, carbon disulfide, and others. 

HCZyme has been demonstrated in bench-scale tests and at field remediations to be effective on benzene, toluene, ethylene, and xylene (BTEX), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene (DCE), mineral spirits, fuel oils, motor oils, and hydraulic fluids. The vendor claims that HCZyme has been tested and used on over 2 million tons of petroleum-contaminated soils and is effective in breaking down petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), creosote, sludges, waste oils, free product, tank bottoms, and other chlorinated compounds (D18208L, p. 15). 

The Vaportech technology has been used in the past to treat soils contaminated with chlorinated solvents such as perchloroethylene (PERC) and trichloroethylene (TCE) benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX) aromatics, ketones, gasoline-range and diesel-range organics, phenols, and other cyclic and noncyclic carbon compounds including ketones, naphtha, mineral spirits, and lacquer diluter. 

Since the styrene-methyl acrylate and styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers could be prepared in toluene solution at 25°C., it became possible to investigate the influence of free radicals on the ethylaluminum sesquihalide complexed system. 2-Methylpentanoyl peroxide (Lucidol R-226), having a half-life of 10 hours at 27 °C. in 0.2M solution in mineral spirits was used as the free radical source at 25 °C. 

Sorbitan Monostearate occurs as an off white to tan colored, hard, waxy solid. It is a mixture of partial stearic and palmitic acid esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides. It is manufactured by reacting edible commercial stearic acid (usually containing associated fatty acids, chiefly palmitic) with sorbitol. It is soluble at temperatures above its melting point in toluene, dioxane, ether, ethanol, methanol, and aniline. It is insoluble in cold water, and in mineral spirits and acetone, but is dispersible in warm water and soluble, with haze, above 50° in mineral oil and in ethyl acetate. 

Hydrocarbon solvents are the most commonly used solvents in paints to carry the pigment and binder. They are divided into three groups aliphatic, naphthenic, and aromatic. The preferred type of solvent is an odorless aliphatic hydrocarbon (mineral spirits), which can be used in all areas including home. However, mineral spirits do not dissolve all binder resins. Aromatic solvents provide stronger solvency, but with a greater odor. The most common are toluene, xylene, and naphthas. 

One study demonstrated that parental occupational exposures to chlorinated hydrocarbons are associated with increased risks for leukemia, lymphoma, and urinary tract cancers in offspring. Another study showed associations between maternal exposures to solvents and increased incidences of leukemia. These solvents include 1,1,1-trichloroethane, toluene, and other mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, mineral spirits, and alkanes. Childhood brain cancers, the second leading cause of childhood cancer, have been associated with parental occupational exposures to toxic chemicals. Industries for which such associations have been found include 10 ... 

A third choice is also possible for use as a crystallization solvent. This is mineral spirits available from hardware stores in the paint department. Mineral spirits are roughly equivalent to the petroleum ether or ligroin commonly seen in chem labs. Those brands which boast of low odor are the best choice. Before using this material it is best to fractionally distill it, and collect the lowest boiling point half of the product. This speeds crystal drying. Since the choice of mineral spirits eliminates ether from the supply loop, the clandestine operator may well go this route. Toluene is also an acceptable solvent. 

In this alternative procedure, the free base is dissolved in two or three volumes of acetone. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%) is then added to the acetone while stirring until the mixture becomes acid to litmus paper. Indicating pH paper should show a pH of 4 or lower. The hydrochloride is then precipitated from solution by slowly adding ether with stirring. It will take the addition of 10 to 20 volumes of ether to fully precipitate the hydrochloride. Toluene or mineral spirits may be substituted for the ether. Then the crystals are filtered out using a Buchner funnel as described before, and set aside to dry. The filtrate... 

For kauri-butanol values of 60 and higher, the standard is toluene, which has an assigned value of 105, whereas for kauri-butanol values less than 60, the standard is a blend of 75% n-heptane and 25% toluene, which has an assigned value of 40. The kauri-butanol value of products that are classified as regular mineral spirits normally varies between 34 and 44 xylene is 93, and aromatic naphtha falls in the range 55-108. 

Solubility. Solid polyamides are soluble in some alcohols and if properly formulated tolerate significant amounts of hydrocarbon-type solvents. Actually these formulated polyamides are more soluble in a combination of alcohol and hydrocarbon solvent than alcohol alone (13). Thus, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, and butanol can be used in combination with hexane, mineral spirits, xylene, and toluene. Isopropyl acetate may also be used when nitrocellulose compatibility is required. 

Dispersions of molten Na (d. at 100°C, 0.928) in inert liquids containing about 50% metallic Na (particle size 1-20 millimicrons) can be prepared in the laboratory by mechanical dispersion. The boiling point of the inert liquid must be higher than the melting point of Na (97.5°C). Such liquids include toluene, xylene, some light mineral spirits, kerosene, heptane, n-octane, mineral oil, and naphthalene. Appropriate agents (0.25-1%) contribute to the reduction of particle size (soot, copper powder, pyridine, etc.) or stabilize the dispersion (oleic acid, aluminum stearate, calcium stearate, etc.). 

Degreased in mineral spirits and toluene before use Friction Measuring Apparatus. 

Diluents such as dimethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, silicone fluid, benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, dichloroethane, mineral spirit, water and fire-retardant pastes, and so on, are used which greatly lower the shock and heat sensitivity of peroxides. Care should be taken to maintain the storage temperature within the recommended temperatme range. Too much coohng can result in crystallizations of peroxides from their diluent solvents and can cause danger. 

Auxiliaries may be added to oil paints to improve their wetting and flow properties. The desired handling consistency is generally adjusted with aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as mineral spirits and in certain cases with toluene or xylenes. 

Chem. Descrip. Acrylic polymer in toluene/mineral spirits Uses Defoamer, leveling agent for solvent-based coatings, high vise, paints, baking enamels, and two-part urethane coatings... 

Chem. Descrip. Vinyl toluene monomer-modified alkyd in mineral spirits Uses Alkyd for coatings... 

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