Kauri butanol values

The kauri-butanol value (ASTM D-1133) is the number of milliliters of the solvent, at 15°C (TT F), required to produce a defined degree of turbidity when added to 20 g of a standard solution of gum kauri resin in n-butyl alcohol. The kauri-butanol value of naphtha is used to determine relative solvent power. 

For kauri-butanol values of 60 and higher, the standard is toluene, which has an assigned value of 105, whereas for kauri-butanol values less than 60, the standard is a blend of 75% n-heptane and 25% toluene, which has an assigned value of 40. The kauri-butanol value of products that are classified as regular mineral spirits normally varies between 34 and 44 xylene is 93, and aromatic naphtha falls in the range 55-108. 

However, the data obtained by the kauri-butanol test depend on factors other than solvent power and are specific to the solute used. For this reason, the aniline point is often preferred to the kauri-butanol number. 

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Karl Fischer reagent analy chem A solution of 8 moles pyridine to 2 moles sulfur dioxide, with the addition of about 15 moles methanol and then 1 mole iodine used to determine trace quantities of water by titration. karl fish-or re a-jont Karl Fischer technique analy chem A method of determining trace quantities of water by titration the Karl Fischer reagent is added in small increments to a glass flask containing the sample until the color changes from yellow to brown or a change in potential is observed at the end point. karl fish-or tek nek kauri-butanol value analychem The measure of milliliters of paint or varnish petroleum thinner needed to cause cloudiness in a solution of kauri gum in butyl alcohol. kail-re byut-3n,ol, val-yu ... 

The first attempts at predicting solubility were largely empirical. Paint technologists employed various approaches. In one approach kauri-butanol values were equal to the minimum volume of test solvent that produced turbidity when added to a standard solution of kauri-copal resin in 1-butanol. The aniline point is the lowest temperature where equal volumes of aniline and the test solvent are completely miscible. Both tests are measures of the relative aromaticity of the test solvent. 

Prior to the introduction of the solubility parameter (solpar) concept, paint chemists used Kauri butanol values, mixed aniline points, and heptane numbers to predict the solubility of resins in aliphatic solvents. These parameters have been replaced, to a large extent, by solpars, but heptane numbers are still used, and these empirical parameters can be converted to solpar values. 

ANTIBIOTICS - POLYETHERS] (Vol 3) KB value. See Kauri-Butanol value. 

KAURI-BUTANOL VALUE. A measure of the aromatic content and hence the solvent power of a hydrocarbon liquid Kauri gum is readily soluble in butanol but insoluble in hydrocarbons. The kb value is Ihe measure of the volume of solvent required to produce turbidity in a standard solution containing kauri gum dissolved in butanol. Naphtha fractions have a kb value of about 30. and toluene about 105. 

In particular, methyl soyate (the biodiesel formed from soybean oil and methanol) is finding industrial applications including cleaning and degreasing technologies (Table 5.5). In industry, solvents are needed to dissolve a material for its removal or transport and then are often evaporated to restore the original material. Therefore, two important parameters are solvent power and evaporation rate. One way to measure solvent power is the kauri-butanol value (KBV), which is a measure of the solubility of kauri gum in the solvent. A high... 

Tetrafluoroethane is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) or hydro-fluoroalkane (HFA) aerosol propellant (contains hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon) as contrasted to a CFC (chlorine, fluorine, and carbon). The lack of chlorine in the molecule and the presence of hydrogen reduces the ozone depletion activity to practically zero. Hence tetrafluoroethane can be considered as an alternative to CFCs in the formulation of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). It has replaced CFC-12 as a refrigerant since it has essentially the same vapor pressure. Its very low Kauri-butanol value and solubility parameter indicate that it is not a good solvent for the commonly used surfactants for MDIs. Sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, oleic acid, and soya lecithin show limited solubility in tetrafluoroethane and the amount of surfactant that actually dissolves may not be sufficient to keep a drug readily dispersed. 

The major incompatibility of tetrafluoroethane is its lack of miscibility with water. Since it has a very low Kauri-butanol value, tetrafluoroethane is considered to be a very poor solvent for most drugs used in MDI formulations. It also shows a low solubility for some of the commonly used MDI surfactants. 

A particularly common test for ranking hydrocarbon solvent strength is the kauri-butanol test. The kauri-butanol value (KB) of a solvent represents the maximum amount of the solvent that can be added to a stock solution of kauri resin (a fossil copal) in butyl alcohol without causing cloudiness. Because kauri resin is readily soluble in butyl alcohol but not in hydrocarbon solvents, the resin solution will tolerate only a certain amount of dilution. Stronger solvents such as toluene can be added in a greater amount (and thus have a higher KB value) than weaker solvents like hexane. 

Kauri butanol value Evaporation time (ether =1) Evaporation time (BuAc = 1)... 

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