Fluidity temperature

Liquefaction of fusible coal at high temperature. The liquefaction of Itmann coal, of which softening point and maximum fluidity temperature are 417° and 465°C, respectively, was carried out at several temperatures using decacyclene as a liquefaction solvent. 

The present results are well understood by the above mechanism. Itmann which is fusible at relatively high temperature was not liquefied below 420°C with a non-solvolytic solvent such as pyrene, however it was significantly liquefied at 480°C of its maximum fluidity temperature in decacyclene of a stable aromatic compound. 

Table 1.4 presents the melting heats of polymers and polymer-composite materials at temperatures of solid-phase transitions of nitric salts, coinciding with sevilene fluidity temperature of 80°C. According to [4], ammonium nitrates have sohd-phase transitions at temperatures of SO C and 130°C with AH equal to 0.32 eeal/mol and 1.01 ceal/mol, respectively the salt KNO has the solid-phase transition at 130°C with AH equal to 1.3 ccal/mol. 

D1659 Test Method for Maximum Fluidity Temperature of Residual Fuel Oil ... 

XI.3.1 fluidity temperature—Xhs sample when tested in an as-received condition is considered fluid at the temperature of the test if it will flow 2 mm in 1 min in a 12.5 mm U-tube under a maximum pressure of 152 mm of mercury. 

XI.6.3 Fluidity Temperature Test Bath consists of a reservoir, a stirrer, and a motor and pump to circulate coolant through the coils of the tubing placed in the bottom of the test bath and passing through the cold bath. The flow of coolant through these coils can be controlled by a thermostat and a solenoid valve. It is possible that, where... 

The writer (60,144) pointed out decades ago that it differed in magnitude, from the macroscopic viscosity (or fluidity) temperature dependence by fitting experimental data for asynrmetric aromatic bydrocarbons. 

Motor performance Lubrication properties Constant viscosity (viscosity index) Fluidity at low temperature Proper viscosity at high temperature... 

The pour point of crude oils is measured to give an approximate indication as to their pumpability . In fact, the agitation of the fluid brought on by pumping can stop, slow down or destroy the formation of crystals, conferring on the crude additional fluidity beyond that of the measured pour point temperature. 

Alkylated aromatics have excellent low temperature fluidity and low pour points. The viscosity indexes are lower than most mineral oils. These materials are less volatile than comparably viscous mineral oils, and more stable to high temperatures, hydrolysis, and nuclear radiation. Oxidation stabihty depends strongly on the stmcture of the alkyl groups (10). However it is difficult to incorporate inhibitors and the lubrication properties of specific stmctures maybe poor. The alkylated aromatics also are compatible with mineral oils and systems designed for mineral oils (see Benzene Toulene Xylenes and ethylbenzene). ... 

Butadiene—Methacrylic Acid Ionomers. Carboxyl groups can readily be introduced into butadiene elastomers by copolymerization, and the effects of partial neutralization have been reported (63—66). The ionized polymers exhibit some degree of fluidity at elevated temperatures, but are not thermoplastic elastomers, and are very deficient in key elastomer properties such as compression set resistance. 

The newer HFC refrigerants are not soluble in or miscible with mineral oils or alkylbenzenes. The leading candidates for use with HFC refrigerants are polyol ester lubricants. These lubricants are derived from a reaction between an alcohol and a normal or branched carboxyflc acid. The most common alcohols used are pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, neopentjlglycol, and glycerol. The acids are usually selected to give the correct viscosity and fluidity at low temperatures. 

This equation is based on the approximation that the penetration is 800 at the softening point, but the approximation fails appreciably when a complex flow is present (80,81). However, the penetration index has been, and continues to be, used for the general characteristics of asphalt for example asphalts with a P/less than —2 are considered to be the pitch type, from —2 to +2, the sol type, and above +2, the gel or blown type (2). Other empirical relations that have been used to express the rheological-temperature relation are fluidity factor a Furol viscosity P, at 135°C and penetration P, at 25°C, relation of (H—P)P/100 and penetration viscosity number PVN again relating the penetration at 25°C and kinematic viscosity at 135 °C (82,83). 

The fluidity of coal increases and then decreases at a given temperature. This has been interpreted in terms of reaction sequence of coal — fluid coal — semicoke. In the initial step, a part of the coal is decomposed to add to that which normally becomes fluid. In the second step, the fluid phase decomposes to volatile matter and a soHd semicoke. The semicoke later fuses accompanied by evolution of additional volatile matter to form a high temperature coke. 

Two other temperatures are important in the working of glass. At the annealing point (p = 10 poise) there is still enough fluidity to relax internal stresses in about... 

The crystallization of wax from lubricating oil fractions makes better oil. This is done by adding a solvent (often a mixture of benzene and methyl ethyl ketone) to the oil at a temperature of about -5 F. The benzene keeps the oil in solution and maintains fluidity at low temperature the methyl ethyl ketone acts to precipitate the wax. Rotary filters deposit the wax crystals on a sp woven cloth stretched over a perforated cylindrical drum. A vacuum in the drum draws the oil through the perforations. The wax crystals are removed from the cloth by metal scrapers and ol vent-washed to remove oil followed by solvent distillation to remove oil for reuse. 

Figure 7.5 The Enhanced Fluidity Liquid Chromatography range. This occupies the volume in the phase diagram below the locus of critical temperatures, above and below the locus of critical pressures, and is composed mostly of the less volatile mobile-phase component. Reproduced by permission of the American Chemical Society.

An ATE requires high lubrication performance, high levels of oxidation stability to withstand the locally high operating temperatures, a degree of fluidity that ensures... 

Silicon may be present in high-chromium irons in amounts varying between 0-5 and 2-5%. Its effect is to increase fluidity in the foundry and improve the surface quality of castings. Further effects are to refine the eutectic carbides in the iron, to produce a more uniform structure and to raise the temperature at which the matrix transforms from ferrite to austenite with consequent dimensional changes. Additions above 2-5% have an embrittling effect. 

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