Image recording

Figure Bl.17.9. A CoSi grain boundary as visualized in a spherical-aberration-corrected TEM (Haider et a/ 1998). (a) Individual images recorded at different defocus with and without correction of C(b) CTFs in the case of the uncorrected TEM at higher defocus (c) CTF for the corrected TEM at only 14 nm underfocus. Pictures by courtesy of M Haider and Elsevier.

Figure C2.7.9. STM images recorded during reaction of adsorbed O atoms with adsorbed CO molecules on a Pt(l 1 crystal at 247 K image size, 18 nmxl7 nm. Times are those after addition of CO to the surface see text for details [...

In addition to a continued increase in the number of use patents in these fields, a new use of xanthates as inhibitors of fertiliser nitrogen transformation in soil has been reported, as well as the use of certain metal xanthates as color developers for image-recording materials (113,114) (see Fertilizers Color photography). For several years, sodium isopropyl xanthate was used as an intermediate in the manufacture of saccharin (see... 

Figures Monochromatic CL image (recorded at 1.631 eV) of quantum well boxes, which appear as bright spots. ...

Early attempts to explain the trigger for the tulip flame focused on the pressure wave/flame interactions. This was a natural consequence of the well-documented vibratory behavior of flames seen in the very first streak images recorded [2], and the images of Markstein (like that in... 

To create a two-dimensional image, two gradients are applied along the X- and y-directions, and a series of one-dimensional images recorded in different directions in the xy-plane. A technique known as back-projection... 

A single image recorded for a fixed enantiomer and fixed circular polarization state in principle carries the full information sought consisting, after inversion, of the parameters and the radial distribution function n r). After... 

Figure 3.1 The first images recorded using a scanning tunnelling microscope to be published. Monoatomic steps are visible at (a) CaIrSn4 and (b) Au(lll) surfaces. (Reproduced from Ref. 43).

Figure 4.4 A series of STM images recorded during the exposure of a Cu(l 10) surface to hydrogen chloride at 295 K resulting in the formation of domains accompanied by step movement (1-8). With time this surface at 295K relaxes to give a well-ordered c(2 x 2)0 overlayer (9).

Figure 8.1 STM images of a Cu(l 10) surface (a) after exposure (25 L) to nitric oxide at 295 K (b), (c) and (d) after heating (a) to 330, 410 and 430 K, respectively, with the images recorded at the temperatures stated. Note the biphasic structure with nitrogen and oxygen states running at right-angles to each other. (Reproduced from Ref. 10).

Figure 3.11 Series of successive STM images, recorded during dosing of the O-covered Pt(l 1 1) surface with H2. (a-c) Frames (17 nm x 17 nm) from an experiment at 131 K [P(H2) = 8 x 1CT9 mbarJ.The hexagonal pattern in (a) is the (2 X 2)-0 structure O atoms appear as dark dots and bright features are the initial OH islands. In (c), the area is mostly covered by OH, which forms ordered structures. The white, fuzzy features are H20-covered areas.

Figure 3.12 Series of STM images, recorded during reaction of adsorbed oxygen atoms with coadsorbed CO molecules at 247 K, all from the same area of a Pt(l 1 1) crystal. Before the experiment, a submonolayer of oxygen atoms was prepared and CO was continuously supplied from the gas phase...

Figure 3.14 Series of STM images recorded during CO dosing on the (2 x 2)-0-covered Pd(l 1 l)surface.T = 143 K,Pco = 2x 10 8Torr, all images are from the same area. Indicated is the time elapsed since the start of the CO...

Figure 8.12 64A x 69A STM images of a TiOjfl 1 0) surface recorded at 400 K with Ob-vacs present, (a) and (b) are sequential images recorded 2 min apart. The Ti5C rows appear red and the Ob rows appear blue. A schematic model of the surface is shown to scale above parts of the image in (a) and (b). Ti atoms are shown red, and oxygen blue with the Ob rows... 

For isotropic materials all reflections represent concentric rings (Debye-Scherrer rings) in an image recorded on 2D detector5 if during exposure the detector was... 

A closer look at the data shows the lifetime distributions are comparatively broad, about 0.25 ns for both distributions. This is in fact much broader than what one would expect from photon statistics alone. Based on realistic / -values (1.2-1.5) lifetime images recorded with this many counts are expected to yield distributions with widths on the order of 0.1 ns. The broadening is therefore not because of photon statistics. Variations in the microenvironment of the GFP are the most likely source of the lifetime heterogeneities. Importantly, such sensitivity for local microenvironment may be the source of apparent FRET signals. In this particular FRET-FLIM experiment, we found that the presence of CTB itself without the acceptor dye already introduced a noticeable shift of the donor lifetime. Therefore, in this experiment the donor-only lifetime image was recorded after unlabeled CTB was added to the cells. The low FRET efficiency and broadened lifetime distribution call for careful control experiments and repeatability checks. 

In a second experiment, Cy5-labelled antiBSA antibodies were immobilised on a silanised glass slide precoated with metallic nanoislands using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flow-cell. The antibody solution was left for 1 hour to attach and then the cell was flushed with deionised water. The slide was then dried with N2. For this experiment, a portion of the slide was not coated with metallic nanoislands, in order to act as a reference. Figure 20 shows the image recorded using the fluorescence laser scanner mentioned previously. The enhancement in fluorescence emission between those areas with and without nanoislands (B and A, respectively) is again evident. For both chips, an enhancement factor of approximately 8 was recorded. There is considerable interest in the elucidation and exploitation of plasmonic effects for fluorescence-based biosensors and other applications. 

Pohl D.W., Denk W., Lanz M., Optical Stethoscopy - Image Recording with Resolution Lambda/20, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1984 44 651-653. 

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