Communication interfaces

In accordance to GCP, the sponsor should appoint clinical trial monitors. These act as the main communication interface between the sponsor and the trial site, and should regularly visit the site to oversee that the trials are being conducted and correctly documented in accordance with the protocol and GCP. Reports should be supplied to the sponsor after each visit. It is also good practice for the sponsor to establish an auditing system for independently verifying that the activities in relation to the collection and processing of data at the trial site, and at related laboratories or sponsor s facilities, are conducted in accordance with applicable protocols, procedures, regulations, GCP and GLP. 

Intelligent autosampler 84100 R 5232 C serial Communications interface A B Labtam Ltd 43 Malcomb Road Braeside Victoria Australia 3195... 

Fig. 1. Electronic medication event monitor in the process of communicating stored data from monitor to computer. The transfer occurs without wire connection between the inverted monitor and the communications interface device, which transfers data to MS-DOS-based computers via serial port. A second medication event monitor, with a somewhat larger container size, stands nearby. (Copyright, 1994, APREX Corporation reproduced with permission.)...

The examples herein are done using Excel98, on a Macintosh personal computer. It is easy to anticipate some changes as Excel progresses to newer releases, and there well may be some small differences between IBM-compatible PCs and the Macintosh implementations. While the syntax and communication interfaces will likely change in the future, the functional requirements for solving certain problems will not. The descriptions provided in this appendix are quite detailed nevertheless, some knowledge of spreadsheet operations is presumed. 

Fig. 5.6. Principal block diagram of the electronic unit. (1) Signal generation, (2) amplification of /photo, (3) controller for CC mode, (4) dc voltage sweep for I/V mode and (5) communication interface.

Fig. 14.34. Voltammetry of epinephrine. Background (A, solid line) and signal containing (A, dashed line) currents generated during fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (300 V/s) at a carbon fiber microelectrode r = 5 pm). A background subtracted cyclic voltammogram (B) is produced from the traces shown in A. (Reprinted from Wightman, et al. Chemical Communication, Interface, 5(3) 22, Fig. 2,1996. Reproduced by permission of the Electrochemical Society, Inc.)...

Hardware unit index (clients, servers, communication interfaces, printers, etc.)... 

Computer hardware Central Processing Unit (CPU), Random Access Memory (RAM), memory devices (hard disk, CD-ROM, etc ), storage devices, communication interfaces to equipment and other computer systems, operator terminals... 

Installed and future I/O spare capacity Communications interfaces... 

Interfaces human, process (analog I/O, digital I/O, totalizers, interposing relays), and communications interface (hardware protocol, buffer capabilities, cable specifications, line drivers)... 

Legacy system data structures Manual process data Data transformation requirements Data cleansing Data archive and restoration Security requirements Access levels Security mechanism Communication interfaces Information transfers Transfer frequencies Legacy system protocols Client/server infrastructure Standards... 

Screen refresh Data entry response times Serial communication interfaces Network performance Data storage capacity Multiple user access File and data integrity Shared file access... 

CAMSEQ/M was developed around a Tektronix 4051 Microcomputer Graphics System. The hardware required includes the basic 4051 microcomputer with a minimum of 16k bytes of memory (32k is recommended), a "joystick" graphical input device, and a matrix function package (in a read-only memory firmware pack). A vastly more versatile system requires the addition of a file manager/ disk system. In order to communicate with the NIH-EPA-CIS or another "host" computer, a communications interface is necessary. The total hardware cost is approximately 17,000. Table II outlines the required hardware. The 4051 utilizes a direct view storage display which does not employ a selective erase feature. Therefore, it is necessary to replot the screen frequently in order to remove unwanted information. This handicap is the price one must pay for low cost, but quite sophisticated computer graphics features, and does not pose any major problems in CAMSEQ/M. 

File manager/disk system Communications interface... 

Recently, several things have pointed to a resolution of the NeSSI-bus issues. First, for the past few years there has been an effort under way at NIST called IEEE 1451 (http //www.motion.aptd.nist.gov/). The IEEE 1451, a family of Smart Transducer Interface Standards, describes a set of open, common, network-independent communication interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or actuators) to microprocessors, instrumentation systems, and control/Iield... 

Four main units are used in the IMCS, which are the motor control unit (MCU), the feeder control unit (FCU), the circuit breaker control unit (CBCU) and the central control unit (CCU). A MCU is a microprocessor (micro-computer) based module which has integrated control, monitoring, protection functions, and a communication interface for the motor starter. An FCU is very similar to a MCU and interfaces communication for the plain feeder contactor or circuit breaker. A CBCU is also similar to a MCU but is used for incomers, interconnectors and busbar section circuit breakers. A CCU provides the facility to communicate simultaneously with MCUs, FCUs, CBCU, a distributed control system (DCS), system control and data acquisition (SCADA) and other digital information systems. Other discrete devices such as special protective relays can also be addressed by the CCU provided the software and porting systems are compatible. 

---