Compilation by Computer

The author index is compiled by computer from the lists of references. Thus it tells whose publications are cited and in that respect is comprehensive. It is not a list of authors, beyond those cited in the references, whose results are reported in the text. However, as the references cited are leading ones, consulting them, along with the use of appropriate works of the secondary literature, will rapidly lead to the complete literature related to any particular subject covered. 

Computed tomography (CT) scan A series of x-ray scans taken from different angles and then compiled by computer to show a cross-section of a body part of interest a method of body imaging that uses x-ray technology to create cross-sectional images of a person s body. 

The statement that the title should be descriptive of the matter of a communication seems to be a truism, but insufficient attention appears to be paid to the titles of papers submitted to learned journals. This is particularly true when papers are part of a series—for example, one of a series of papers may be entitled Studies in the Chemistry of X and Y, Part 47. Attempted Synthesis of Y. Suppose X and Y are complex alkaloids often such a paper deals only with the preparation of some complex ring structures—oxaazulenes, perhaps—from which the investigators hope ultimately to synthesize the subject of their main interest. Hence the paper is really about oxaazulenes and not alkaloids X and Y. The repercussions of this on indexing are serious. However, the new keyword in context indexes Chemical Titles) which are compiled by computer from titles of papers and used for awareness in the period between original publications and effective use of chemical and physical abstracts, may alter this. As special keyword indexes are compiled from titles, authors may give more thought to the relation of a title to its paper. 

The Antoine equation does not fit data accurately much above the normal boiling point. Thus, as regression by computer is now standard, more accurate expressions applicable to the critical point have become usable. The entire DIPPR Compilation" is regressed with the modified RiedeP equation (2-28) with constants available for over 1500 compounds. 

The prerequisite for proper planning and performance of building maintenance is the comprehensive set of drawings, specifications and servicing manuals compiled by architects, engineers, contractors and suppliers, respectively. Those responsible for maintenance must ensure that all records are kept up to date computers are increasingly used for this purpose. 

It is found today that effective data handling is no longer possible except by computer, and several organizations now maintain systematic and up-to-date records of burn-out data on computer cards. Useful compilations of... 

This chemical cross-reference has been compiled by extracting information from chemistry textbooks, industrial references, and chemical formularies back to the early 1800 s. Equivalents, definitions, and cross-reference entries were loaded into our computer, sorted into alphabetical order, and then merged into one master cross-reference which follows. 

Another useful site for tracking down recent news stories is Google News at http //news.google.com/. The site describes itself as highly unusual in that it offers a news service compiled solely by computer algorithms without human intervention. While the sources of the news stories vary in per-... 

A PC-based 1H-nmr database, which includes full spectrum search capability, is being constructed by the Toyohashi University of Technology (67). Speclnfo, owned by Chemical Concepts, offers a 150,000 spectra library and database system for mainframe computers, which includes H, 15n, 19f, 17o, 31P-nmr, and a large collection of 13C-nmr spectra compiled by Bremser at BASF (68,69). It also offers nB-nmr spectra compiled by Nu th at the University of Munich. 

Various computer codes exist which are used to simulate nuclear weapons effects on various targets. Variations of codes on radiation transport, shielding and cross sections also can be considered. A directory of currently used codes was compiled by Martin, Reitz and Root (Ref 23), which for the most part is a rather complete tabulation of computer programs applied to the numerical simulation of nuclear weapon expls phenomenology and effects... 

At one time, measuring the thermochemical properties of compounds was a serious, widespread research area. The old National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) determined and compiled data of heats of formation for thousands of chemicals. Now such research is less popular, so, if there is a new molecule for which you want the heat of formation, the alternatives are to do the thermochemical experiments or to determine it by computational chemistry. A recently developed collection site for experimental thermodynamic data is at http //trc.nist.gov/. 

Another fundamental molecular property of interest in pharmaceutical stress research as well as in the rest of chemistry is the pKa of acidic groups (or pKh of basic groups) in a compound. The pKa of a compound in hand is more easily—and reliably—determined experimentally than by computational chemistry. In cases where an experiment on a molecule of interest cannot be done for whatever reason, then a reasonable approach for obtaining an approximate pKa is to look in compilations of pKa values of known... 

The Toxicology Information Services at the Karolinska Institutet 1n Stockholm, Sweden, publish a monthly bulletin entitled Teratology Lookout. This excellent source of references of interest to experimental teratologists and clinicians is compiled by an advisory panel. The secondary sources Biological Abstracts, Biological Abstracts/RRM, and Chemical Abstracts and the MEDLARS data bases are scanned by the use of computer profiles to spot pertinent material. Keywords have been added to each reference, and most references include author addresses. The contents are divided into seven... 

Most of the solubility parameter values were obtained from data compiled by H. Burrell (2). The calculated values were computed on the basis of Small s constants (35). 

An interesting correlation between tripeptide sequences and genetic mutations has been made by compilation of the number of occurrences of the tripeptide sequence Asn—B—Ser and Asn—B—Thr in protein sequence-data at present available from the literature.134 A total of 18,251 tripeptide sequences from 264 proteins was grouped by computer into the 400 possible tripeptide combinations of the 20 amino acids in which the second position was ignored. The total number of Asn—B—(Ser/Thr) sequences actually present in these proteins was 61, whereas the total number theoretically expected, on the basis of a random distribution within the sequence, would have been 102. The observed data were thus lower than expected by 4 standard deviations. On the other hand, such chemically similar tripeptides as Gin—B—(Ser/Thr), Asp—B—(Ser/Thr), and (Ser/Thr)—B—Asn occurred the number of times expected for random distribution. It was suggested that this low frequency of incidence of the Asn—B—(Ser/Thr) sequence results from a restriction of its occurrence in proteins by a process of natural selection. Any protein that acquired this tripeptide as a result of a mutation would be soon rejected, because carbohydrate would be bound to the asparagine residue and its presence would interfere with the normal metabolic function of the protein. 

Figure 18.4 Frequency distribution of DIN DIP ratios computed for a variety of USA estuarine systems. Data were compiled by Frank et al. (2007).

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